2016-11-02 15:31:58 +01:00
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.. raw:: html
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<div id="banner"><a href="https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/docs/source/theming.rst">Edit me on GitHub</a></div>
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2016-12-20 10:31:11 +01:00
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.. _`writing-a-plugin`:
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2017-03-08 12:15:19 +01:00
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Writing a plugin
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================
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2016-11-02 15:31:58 +01:00
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Introduction
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------------
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2018-01-06 22:32:57 +01:00
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Converse.js exposes a plugin architecture through which developers can modify
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and extend its functionality.
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Using plugins is good engineering practice, and using them is the *only* recommended
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way of changing converse.js or adding new features to it.
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In particular, plugins have the following advantages:
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The main benefit of plugins is their *isolation of concerns* (and features).
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From this benefit flows various 2nd degree advantages, such as the ability to
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make smaller production builds (by excluding unused plugins) and an easier
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upgrade path by avoiding touching converse.js's internals.
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Each plugin comes in its own file, and converse.js's plugin architecture,
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called `pluggable.js <https://github.com/jcbrand/pluggable.js/>`_, provides you
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with the ability to "hook in" to the core code and other plugins.
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Converse.js itself is composed out of plugins and uses pluggable.js. Take a look at the
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`src <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/tree/master/src>`_ directory. All
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the files that follow the pattern `converse-*.js` are plugins.
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Plugins (by way of Pluggable.js) enable developers to extend and override existing objects,
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functions and the `Backbone <http://backbonejs.org/>`_ models and views that make up
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Converse.js.
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Besides that, in plugins you can also write new Backbone (or other) models and views,
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in order to add a new functionality.
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To more deeply understand how this plugin architecture works, please read the
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`pluggable.js documentation <https://jcbrand.github.io/pluggable.js/>`_
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and to understand its inner workings, please refer to the `annotated source code
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<https://jcbrand.github.io/pluggable.js/docs/pluggable.html>`_.
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2017-09-04 09:24:38 +02:00
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.. note:: **Trying out a plugin in JSFiddle**
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2017-09-04 09:24:38 +02:00
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Because Converse.js consists only of JavaScript, HTML and CSS (with no backend
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code required like PHP, Python or Ruby) it runs fine in JSFiddle.
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2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
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Here's a Fiddle with a Converse.js plugin that calls ``alert`` once it gets
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initialized and also when a chat message gets rendered: https://jsfiddle.net/4drfaok0/15/
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.. note:: **Generating a plugin with Yeoman**
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The rest of this document explains how to write a plugin for Converse.js and
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ends with a documented example of a plugin.
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2017-09-04 09:24:38 +02:00
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There is a `Yeoman <http://yeoman.io/>`_ code generator, called
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`generator-conversejs <https://github.com/jcbrand/generator-conversejs>`_, which
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you can use to generate plugin scaffolding/boilerplate that serves as a
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starting point and basis for writing your plugin.
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Please refer to the `generator-conversejs <https://github.com/jcbrand/generator-conversejs>`_
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README for information on how to use it.
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Registering a plugin
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--------------------
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Plugins need to be registered (and whitelisted) before they can be loaded and
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initialized.
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You register a converse.js plugin by calling ``converse.plugins.add``.
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The plugin itself is a JavaScript object which usually has at least an
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``initialize`` method, which gets called at the end of the
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``converse.initialize`` method which is the top-level method that gets called
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by the website to configure and initialize Converse.js itself.
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Here's an example code snippet:
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.. code-block:: javascript
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converse.plugins.add('myplugin', {
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initialize: function () {
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// This method gets called once converse.initialize has been called
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// and the plugin itself has been loaded.
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// Inside this method, you have access to the closured
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// _converse object as an attribute on "this".
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// E.g. this._converse
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},
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});
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.. note:: It's important that `converse.plugins.add` is called **before**
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`converse.initialize` is called. Otherwise the plugin will never get
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registered and never get called.
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Whitelisting of plugins
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-----------------------
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As of converse.js 3.0.0 and higher, plugins need to be whitelisted before they
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can be used. This is because plugins have access to a powerful API. For
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example, they can read all messages and send messages on the user's behalf.
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To avoid malicious plugins being registered (i.e. by malware infected
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advertising networks) we now require whitelisting.
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To whitelist a plugin simply means to specify :ref:`whitelisted_plugins` when
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you call ``converse.initialize``.
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If you're adding a "core" plugin, which means a plugin that will be
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included in the default, open-source version of converse.js, then you'll
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instead whitelist the plugin by adding its name to the `core_plugins` array in
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`./src/converse-core.js <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/src/converse-core.js>`_.
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Security and access to the inner workings
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-----------------------------------------
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The globally available ``converse`` object, which exposes the API methods, such
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as ``initialize`` and ``plugins.add``, is a wrapper that encloses and protects
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a sensitive inner object, named ``_converse`` (not the underscore prefix).
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This inner ``_converse`` object contains all the Backbone models and views,
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as well as various other attributes and functions.
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Within a plugin, you will have access to this internal
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`"closured" <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Closures>`_
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``_converse`` object, which is normally not exposed in the global variable scope.
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The inner ``_converse`` object is made private in order to safely hide and
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encapsulate sensitive information and methods which should not be exposed
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to any 3rd-party scripts that might be running in the same page.
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Loading a plugin module
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-----------------------
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Converse.js uses the UMD (Universal Modules Definition) as its module syntax.
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This makes modules loadable via `require.js`, `webpack` or other module
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loaders, but also includable as old-school `<script>` tags in your HTML.
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Here's an example of the plugin shown above wrapped inside a UMD module:
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.. code-block:: javascript
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(function (root, factory) {
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if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
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// AMD. Register as a module called "myplugin"
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define(["converse"], factory);
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} else {
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// Browser globals. If you're not using a module loader such as require.js,
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// then this line below executes. Make sure that your plugin's <script> tag
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// appears after the one from converse.js.
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factory(converse);
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}
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}(this, function (converse) {
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converse.plugins.add('myplugin', {
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initialize: function () {
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// This method gets called once converse.initialize has been called
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// and the plugin itself has been loaded.
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// Inside this method, you have access to the closured
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// _converse object as an attribute on "this".
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// E.g. this._converse
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},
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});
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});
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Accessing 3rd party libraries
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Immediately inside the module shown above you can access 3rd party libraries (such
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moment and lodash) via the ``converse.env`` map.
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The code for it would look something like this:
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.. code-block:: javascript
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// Commonly used utilities and variables can be found under the "env"
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// namespace of the "converse" global.
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var Strophe = converse.env.Strophe,
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$iq = converse.env.$iq,
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$msg = converse.env.$msg,
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$pres = converse.env.$pres,
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$build = converse.env.$build,
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b64_sha1 = converse.env.b64_sha1,
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_ = converse.env._,
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moment = converse.env.moment;
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These dependencies are closured so that they don't pollute the global
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namespace, that's why you need to access them in such a way inside the module.
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Overrides
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---------
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Plugins can override core code or code from other plugins. Refer to the full
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example at the bottom for code details.
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Use the ``overrides`` functionality with caution. It basically resorts to
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monkey patching which pollutes the call stack and can make your code fragile
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and prone to bugs when Converse.js gets updated. Too much use of ``overrides``
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is therefore a "code smell" which should ideally be avoided.
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A better approach is to listen to the events emitted by Converse.js, and to add
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your code in event handlers. This is however not always possible, in which case
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the overrides are a powerful tool.
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2018-01-10 13:59:45 +01:00
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.. _`dependencies`:
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Plugin dependencies
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When using ``overrides``, the code that you want to override (which is either
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in ``converse-core`` or in other plugins), needs to be parsed already by the
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time your ``overrides`` are being parsed.
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Additionally, when you register event or promise handlers in your plugin for
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events/promises that fire in other plugins, then you want those plugins to have
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been loaded before your plugin gets loaded.
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To resolve this problem we have the ``dependencies`` Array attribute.
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With this you can specify those dependencies which need to be loaded before
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your plugin is loaded.
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In some cases, you might want to depend on another plugin if it's available,
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but don't care when it's not available.
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An example is the `converse-dragresize <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/master/src/converse-dragresize.js>`_
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plugin, which will add drag-resize handles to the headlines box (which shows
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messages of type ``headline``) but doesn't care when that particular plugin is
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not available.
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If the :ref:`strict_plugin_dependencies` setting is set to ``false`` (which is
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its default value), then no error will be raised if the plugin is not found.
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In this case, you can't specify the plugin as a dependency in the ``define``
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statement at the top of the plugin, since it might not always be available,
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which would cause ``require.js`` to throw an error.
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2017-07-05 11:03:13 +02:00
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Extending converse.js's configuration settings
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Converse.js comes with various :ref:`configuration-settings` that can be used to
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modify its functionality and behavior.
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All configuration settings have default values which can be overridden when
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`converse.initialize` (see :ref:`initialize`) gets called.
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Plugins often need their own additional configuration settings and you can add
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these settings with the `_converse.api.settings.update` method (see
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:ref:`settings-update`).
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Exposing promises
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Converse.js has a ``waitUntil`` API method (see :ref:`waituntil-grouping`)
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which allows you to wait for various promises to resolve before executing a
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piece of code.
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You can add new promises for your plugin by calling
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``_converse.api.promises.add`` (see :ref:`promises-grouping`).
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Generally, your plugin will then also be responsible for making sure these
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promises are resolved. You do this by calling ``_converse.api.emit``, which not
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only resolves the plugin but will also emit an event with the same name.
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Dealing with asynchronicity
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---------------------------
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Due to the asynchronous nature of XMPP, many subroutines in Converse.js execute
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at different times and not necessarily in the same order.
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In many cases, when you want to execute a piece of code in a plugin, you first
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want to make sure that the supporting data-structures that your code might rely
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on have been created and populated with data.
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There are two ways of waiting for the right time before executing your code.
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You can either listen for certain events, or you can wait for promises to
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resolve.
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For example, when you want to query the message archive between you and a
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friend, you would call ``this._converse.api.archive.query({'with': 'friend@example.org'});``
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However, simply calling this immediately in the ``initialize`` method of your plugin will
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not work, since the user is not logged in yet.
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In this case, you should first listen for the ``connection`` event, and then do your query, like so:
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.. code-block:: javascript
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converse.plugins.add('myplugin', {
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initialize: function () {
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var _converse = this._converse;
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_converse.on('connected', function () {
|
|
|
|
_converse.api.archive.query({'with': 'admin2@localhost'});
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
Another example is in the ``Bookmarks`` plugin (in
|
|
|
|
`src/converse-bookmarks.js <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/6c3aa34c23d97d679823a64376418cd0f40a8b94/src/converse-bookmarks.js#L528>`_).
|
|
|
|
Before bookmarks can be fetched and shown to the user, we first have to wait until
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
the `"Rooms"` panel of the ``ControlBox`` has been rendered and inserted into
|
|
|
|
the DOM. Otherwise we have no place to show the bookmarks yet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Therefore, there are the following lines of code in the ``initialize`` method of
|
|
|
|
`converse-bookmarks.js <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js/blob/6c3aa34c23d97d679823a64376418cd0f40a8b94/src/converse-bookmarks.js#L528>`_:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: javascript
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Promise.all([
|
|
|
|
_converse.api.waitUntil('chatBoxesFetched'),
|
|
|
|
_converse.api.waitUntil('roomsPanelRendered')
|
|
|
|
]).then(initBookmarks);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
What this means, is that the plugin will wait until the ``chatBoxesFetched``
|
|
|
|
and ``roomsPanelRendered`` promises have been resolved before it calls the
|
|
|
|
``initBookmarks`` method (which is defined inside the plugin).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This way, we know that we have everything in place and set up correctly before
|
|
|
|
fetching the bookmarks.
|
|
|
|
|
2017-10-23 14:15:57 +02:00
|
|
|
As yet another example, there is also the following code in the ``initialize``
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
method of the plugin:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: javascript
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_converse.on('chatBoxOpened', function renderMinimizeButton (view) {
|
|
|
|
// Inserts a "minimize" button in the chatview's header
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Implementation code removed for brevity
|
|
|
|
// ...
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this case, the plugin waits for the ``chatBoxOpened`` event, before it then
|
|
|
|
calls ``renderMinimizeButton``, which adds a new button to the chat box (which
|
|
|
|
enables you to minimize it).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finding the right promises and/or events to listen to, can be a bit
|
|
|
|
challenging, and sometimes it might be necessary to create new events or
|
|
|
|
promises.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Please refer to the :ref:`events-API` section of the documentation for an
|
|
|
|
overview of what's available to you. If you need new events or promises, then
|
|
|
|
`please open an issue or make a pull request on Github <https://github.com/jcbrand/converse.js>`_
|
|
|
|
|
2017-03-08 12:15:19 +01:00
|
|
|
A full example plugin
|
|
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
Below follows a documented example of a plugin. This is the same code that gets
|
|
|
|
generated by `generator-conversejs <https://github.com/jcbrand/generator-conversejs>`_.
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-21 16:33:47 +02:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: javascript
|
|
|
|
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
(function (root, factory) {
|
|
|
|
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
|
|
|
|
// AMD. Register as a module called "myplugin"
|
2017-12-03 18:52:32 +01:00
|
|
|
define(["converse"], factory);
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
// Browser globals. If you're not using a module loader such as require.js,
|
|
|
|
// then this line below executes. Make sure that your plugin's <script> tag
|
|
|
|
// appears after the one from converse.js.
|
|
|
|
factory(converse);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}(this, function (converse) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Commonly used utilities and variables can be found under the "env"
|
|
|
|
// namespace of the "converse" global.
|
|
|
|
var Strophe = converse.env.Strophe,
|
|
|
|
$iq = converse.env.$iq,
|
|
|
|
$msg = converse.env.$msg,
|
|
|
|
$pres = converse.env.$pres,
|
|
|
|
$build = converse.env.$build,
|
2017-12-03 19:18:25 +01:00
|
|
|
b64_sha1 = converse.env.b64_sha1,
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
_ = converse.env._,
|
|
|
|
moment = converse.env.moment;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// The following line registers your plugin.
|
2017-12-03 18:52:32 +01:00
|
|
|
converse.plugins.add("myplugin", {
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Optional dependencies are other plugins which might be
|
|
|
|
* overridden or relied upon, and therefore need to be loaded before
|
|
|
|
* this plugin. They are called "optional" because they might not be
|
|
|
|
* available, in which case any overrides applicable to them will be
|
|
|
|
* ignored.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* NB: These plugins need to have already been loaded via require.js.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* It's possible to make optional dependencies non-optional.
|
|
|
|
* If the setting "strict_plugin_dependencies" is set to true,
|
|
|
|
* an error will be raised if the plugin is not found.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2018-01-10 13:59:45 +01:00
|
|
|
'dependencies': [],
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Converse.js's plugin mechanism will call the initialize
|
|
|
|
* method on any plugin (if it exists) as soon as the plugin has
|
|
|
|
* been loaded.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
'initialize': function () {
|
|
|
|
/* Inside this method, you have access to the private
|
|
|
|
* `_converse` object.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
var _converse = this._converse;
|
2017-12-03 18:52:32 +01:00
|
|
|
_converse.log("The \"myplugin\" plugin is being initialized");
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* From the `_converse` object you can get any configuration
|
|
|
|
* options that the user might have passed in via
|
2017-12-03 19:18:25 +01:00
|
|
|
* `converse.initialize`.
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* You can also specify new configuration settings for this
|
|
|
|
* plugin, or override the default values of existing
|
|
|
|
* configuration settings. This is done like so:
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
_converse.api.settings.update({
|
2017-12-03 18:52:32 +01:00
|
|
|
'initialize_message': 'Initializing myplugin!'
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* The user can then pass in values for the configuration
|
|
|
|
* settings when `converse.initialize` gets called.
|
|
|
|
* For example:
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* converse.initialize({
|
|
|
|
* "initialize_message": "My plugin has been initialized"
|
|
|
|
* });
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2017-12-03 19:18:25 +01:00
|
|
|
alert(this._converse.initialize_message);
|
2017-09-04 09:54:18 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Besides `_converse.api.settings.update`, there is also a
|
|
|
|
* `_converse.api.promises.add` method, which allows you to
|
|
|
|
* add new promises that your plugin is obligated to fulfill.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* This method takes a string or a list of strings which
|
|
|
|
* represent the promise names:
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* _converse.api.promises.add('myPromise');
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Your plugin should then, when appropriate, resolve the
|
|
|
|
* promise by calling `_converse.api.emit`, which will also
|
|
|
|
* emit an event with the same name as the promise.
|
|
|
|
* For example:
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* _converse.api.emit('operationCompleted');
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Other plugins can then either listen for the event
|
|
|
|
* `operationCompleted` like so:
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* _converse.api.listen.on('operationCompleted', function { ... });
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* or they can wait for the promise to be fulfilled like so:
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* _converse.api.waitUntil('operationCompleted', function { ... });
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* If you want to override some function or a Backbone model or
|
|
|
|
* view defined elsewhere in converse.js, then you do that under
|
|
|
|
* the "overrides" namespace.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
'overrides': {
|
|
|
|
/* For example, the private *_converse* object has a
|
|
|
|
* method "onConnected". You can override that method as follows:
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
'onConnected': function () {
|
|
|
|
// Overrides the onConnected method in converse.js
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Top-level functions in "overrides" are bound to the
|
|
|
|
// inner "_converse" object.
|
|
|
|
var _converse = this;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Your custom code can come here ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// You can access the original function being overridden
|
|
|
|
// via the __super__ attribute.
|
|
|
|
// Make sure to pass on the arguments supplied to this
|
|
|
|
// function and also to apply the proper "this" object.
|
|
|
|
_converse.__super__.onConnected.apply(this, arguments);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Your custom code can come here ...
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Override converse.js's XMPPStatus Backbone model so that we can override the
|
|
|
|
* function that sends out the presence stanza.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
'XMPPStatus': {
|
|
|
|
'sendPresence': function (type, status_message, jid) {
|
|
|
|
// The "_converse" object is available via the __super__
|
|
|
|
// attribute.
|
|
|
|
var _converse = this.__super__._converse;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Custom code can come here ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// You can call the original overridden method, by
|
|
|
|
// accessing it via the __super__ attribute.
|
|
|
|
// When calling it, you need to apply the proper
|
|
|
|
// context as reference by the "this" variable.
|
|
|
|
this.__super__.sendPresence.apply(this, arguments);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Custom code can come here ...
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
}));
|