\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}

%% Packages
\usepackage{graphics}
\usepackage{hevea}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{verbatim}

%% Index
\makeindex
% Remove the index anchors from the HTML version to save size and bandwith.
\newcommand{\ind}[1]{\begin{latexonly}\index{#1}\end{latexonly}}

%% Images
\newcommand{\logoscale}{0.7}
\newcommand{\imgscale}{0.58}
\newcommand{\insimg}[1]{\insscaleimg{\imgscale}{#1}}
\newcommand{\insscaleimg}[2]{
  \imgsrc{#2}{}
  \begin{latexonly}
    \scalebox{#1}{\includegraphics{#2}}
  \end{latexonly}
}

%% Various
\newcommand{\ns}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\newcommand{\ejabberd}{\texttt{ejabberd}}
\newcommand{\Jabber}{Jabber}
\newcommand{\XMPP}{XMPP}

%% Modules
\newcommand{\module}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\newcommand{\modadhoc}{\module{mod\_adhoc}}
\newcommand{\modannounce}{\module{mod\_announce}}
\newcommand{\modconfigure}{\module{mod\_configure}}
\newcommand{\moddisco}{\module{mod\_disco}}
\newcommand{\modecho}{\module{mod\_echo}}
\newcommand{\modirc}{\module{mod\_irc}}
\newcommand{\modlast}{\module{mod\_last}}
\newcommand{\modlastodbc}{\module{mod\_last\_odbc}}
\newcommand{\modmuc}{\module{mod\_muc}}
\newcommand{\modmuclog}{\module{mod\_muc\_log}}
\newcommand{\modoffline}{\module{mod\_offline}}
\newcommand{\modofflineodbc}{\module{mod\_offline\_odbc}}
\newcommand{\modprivacy}{\module{mod\_privacy}}
\newcommand{\modprivate}{\module{mod\_private}}
\newcommand{\modpubsub}{\module{mod\_pubsub}}
\newcommand{\modregister}{\module{mod\_register}}
\newcommand{\modroster}{\module{mod\_roster}}
\newcommand{\modrosterodbc}{\module{mod\_roster\_odbc}}
\newcommand{\modservicelog}{\module{mod\_service\_log}}
\newcommand{\modsharedroster}{\module{mod\_shared\_roster}}
\newcommand{\modstats}{\module{mod\_stats}}
\newcommand{\modtime}{\module{mod\_time}}
\newcommand{\modvcard}{\module{mod\_vcard}}
\newcommand{\modvcardldap}{\module{mod\_vcard\_ldap}}
\newcommand{\modvcardodbc}{\module{mod\_vcard\_odbc}}
\newcommand{\modversion}{\module{mod\_version}}

%% Title page
\include{version}
\title{Ejabberd \version\ Developers Guide}
\author{Alexey Shchepin \\
  \ahrefurl{mailto:alexey@sevcom.net} \\
  \ahrefurl{xmpp:aleksey@jabber.ru}}

%% Options
\newcommand{\marking}[1]{#1} % Marking disabled
\newcommand{\quoting}[2][yozhik]{} % Quotes disabled
\newcommand{\new}{\begin{latexonly}\marginpar{\textsc{new}}\end{latexonly}} % Highlight new features
\newcommand{\improved}{\begin{latexonly}\marginpar{\textsc{improved}}\end{latexonly}} % Highlight improved features
\newcommand{\moreinfo}[1]{} % Hide details

%% Footnotes
\newcommand{\txepref}[2]{\footahref{http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-#1.html}{#2}}
\newcommand{\xepref}[1]{\txepref{#1}{XEP-#1}}

\begin{document}

\label{titlepage}
\begin{titlepage}
  \maketitle{}

  \begin{center}
  {\insscaleimg{\logoscale}{logo.png}
    \par
  }
  \end{center}

  \begin{quotation}\textit{I can thoroughly recommend ejabberd for ease of setup --
  Kevin Smith, Current maintainer of the Psi project}\end{quotation}

\end{titlepage}

\tableofcontents{}

% Input introduction.tex
\input{introduction}

\section{How it Works}
\label{howitworks}


A \XMPP{} domain is served by one or more \ejabberd{} nodes.  These nodes can
be run on different machines that are connected via a network.  They all must
have the ability to connect to port 4369 of all another nodes, and must have
the same magic cookie (see Erlang/OTP documentation, in other words the file
\texttt{\~{}ejabberd/.erlang.cookie} must be the same on all nodes). This is
needed because all nodes exchange information about connected users, S2S
connections, registered services, etc\ldots



Each \ejabberd{} node have following modules:
\begin{itemize}
\item router;
\item local router.
\item session manager;
\item S2S manager;
\end{itemize}


\subsection{Router}

This module is the main router of \XMPP{} packets on each node.  It routes
them based on their destinations domains.  It has two tables: local and global
routes.  First, domain of packet destination searched in local table, and if it
found, then the packet is routed to appropriate process.  If no, then it
searches in global table, and is routed to the appropriate \ejabberd{} node or
process.  If it does not exists in either tables, then it sent to the S2S
manager.


\subsection{Local Router}

This module routes packets which have a destination domain equal to this server
name.  If destination JID has a non-empty user part, then it routed to the
session manager, else it is processed depending on it's content.


\subsection{Session Manager}

This module routes packets to local users.  It searches for what user resource
packet must be sended via presence table.  If this resource is connected to
this node, it is routed to C2S process, if it connected via another node, then
the packet is sent to session manager on that node.


\subsection{S2S Manager}

This module routes packets to other \XMPP{} servers.  First, it checks if an
open S2S connection from the domain of the packet source to the domain of
packet destination already exists. If it is open on another node, then it
routes the packet to S2S manager on that node, if it is open on this node, then
it is routed to the process that serves this connection, and if a connection
does not exist, then it is opened and registered.


\section{Authentication}

\subsubsection{External}
\label{externalauth}
\ind{external authentication}

The external authentication script follows
\footahref{http://www.erlang.org/doc/tutorial/c_portdriver.html}{the erlang port driver API}.

That script is supposed to do theses actions, in an infinite loop:
\begin{itemize}
\item read from stdin: AABBBBBBBBB.....
    \begin{itemize}
    \item A: 2 bytes of length data (a short in network byte order)
    \item B: a string of length found in A that contains operation in plain text
    operation are as follows:
    \begin{itemize}
    \item auth:User:Server:Password (check if a username/password pair is correct)
    \item isuser:User:Server (check if it's a valid user)
    \item setpass:User:Server:Password (set user's password)
    \item tryregister:User:Server:Password (try to register an account)
    \item removeuser:User:Server (remove this account)
    \item removeuser3:User:Server:Password (remove this account if the password is correct)
    \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\item write to stdout: AABB
    \begin{itemize}
    \item A: the number 2 (coded as a short, which is bytes length of following result)
    \item B: the result code (coded as a short), should be 1 for success/valid, or 0 for failure/invalid
    \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

Example python script
\begin{verbatim}
#!/usr/bin/python

import sys
from struct import *

def from_ejabberd():
    input_length = sys.stdin.read(2)
    (size,) = unpack('>h', input_length)
    return sys.stdin.read(size).split(':')

def to_ejabberd(bool):
    answer = 0
    if bool:
        answer = 1
    token = pack('>hh', 2, answer)
    sys.stdout.write(token)
    sys.stdout.flush()

def auth(username, server, password):
    return True

def isuser(username, server):
    return True

def setpass(username, server, password):
    return True

while True:
    data = from_ejabberd()
    success = False
    if data[0] == "auth":
        success = auth(data[1], data[2], data[3])
    elif data[0] == "isuser":
        success = isuser(data[1], data[2])
    elif data[0] == "setpass":
        success = setpass(data[1], data[2], data[3])
    to_ejabberd(success)
\end{verbatim}

\section{XML Representation}
\label{xmlrepr}

Each XML stanza is represented as the following tuple:
\begin{verbatim}
XMLElement = {xmlelement, Name, Attrs, [ElementOrCDATA]}
        Name = string()
        Attrs = [Attr]
        Attr = {Key, Val}
        Key = string()
        Val = string()
        ElementOrCDATA = XMLElement | CDATA
        CDATA = {xmlcdata, string()}
\end{verbatim}
E.\,g. this stanza:
\begin{verbatim}
<message to='test@conference.example.org' type='groupchat'>
  <body>test</body>
</message>
\end{verbatim}
is represented as the following structure:
\begin{verbatim}
{xmlelement, "message",
    [{"to", "test@conference.example.org"},
     {"type", "groupchat"}],
    [{xmlelement, "body",
         [],
         [{xmlcdata, "test"}]}]}}
\end{verbatim}



\section{Module \texttt{xml}}
\label{xmlmod}

\begin{description}
\item{\verb|element_to_string(El) -> string()|}
\begin{verbatim}
El = XMLElement
\end{verbatim}
  Returns string representation of XML stanza \texttt{El}.

\item{\verb|crypt(S) -> string()|}
\begin{verbatim}
S = string()
\end{verbatim}
  Returns string which correspond to \texttt{S} with encoded XML special
  characters.

\item{\verb|remove_cdata(ECList) -> EList|}
\begin{verbatim}
ECList = [ElementOrCDATA]
EList = [XMLElement]
\end{verbatim}
  \texttt{EList} is a list of all non-CDATA elements of ECList.



\item{\verb|get_path_s(El, Path) -> Res|}
\begin{verbatim}
El = XMLElement
Path = [PathItem]
PathItem = PathElem | PathAttr | PathCDATA
PathElem = {elem, Name}
PathAttr = {attr, Name}
PathCDATA = cdata
Name = string()
Res = string() | XMLElement
\end{verbatim}
  If \texttt{Path} is empty, then returns \texttt{El}.  Else sequentially
  consider elements of \texttt{Path}.  Each element is one of:
  \begin{description}
  \item{\verb|{elem, Name}|} \texttt{Name} is name of subelement of
    \texttt{El}, if such element exists, then this element considered in
    following steps, else returns empty string.
  \item{\verb|{attr, Name}|} If \texttt{El} have attribute \texttt{Name}, then
    returns value of this attribute, else returns empty string.
  \item{\verb|cdata|} Returns CDATA of \texttt{El}.
  \end{description}

\item{TODO:}
\begin{verbatim}
         get_cdata/1, get_tag_cdata/1
         get_attr/2, get_attr_s/2
         get_tag_attr/2, get_tag_attr_s/2
         get_subtag/2
\end{verbatim}
\end{description}


\section{Module \texttt{xml\_stream}}
\label{xmlstreammod}

\begin{description}
\item{\verb!parse_element(Str) -> XMLElement | {error, Err}!}
\begin{verbatim}
Str = string()
Err = term()
\end{verbatim}
  Parses \texttt{Str} using XML parser, returns either parsed element or error
  tuple.
\end{description}


\section{Modules}
\label{emods}


%\subsection{gen\_mod behaviour}
%\label{genmod}

%TBD

\subsection{Module gen\_iq\_handler}
\label{geniqhandl}

The module \verb|gen_iq_handler| allows to easily write handlers for IQ packets
of particular XML namespaces that addressed to server or to users bare JIDs.

In this module the following functions are defined:
\begin{description}
\item{\verb|add_iq_handler(Component, Host, NS, Module, Function, Type)|}
\begin{verbatim}
Component = Module = Function = atom()
Host = NS = string()
Type = no_queue | one_queue | parallel
\end{verbatim}
  Registers function \verb|Module:Function| as handler for IQ packets on
  virtual host \verb|Host| that contain child of namespace \verb|NS| in
  \verb|Component|.  Queueing discipline is \verb|Type|.  There are at least
  two components defined:
  \begin{description}
  \item{\verb|ejabberd_local|} Handles packets that addressed to server JID;
  \item{\verb|ejabberd_sm|} Handles packets that addressed to users bare JIDs.
  \end{description}
\item{\verb|remove_iq_handler(Component, Host, NS)|}
\begin{verbatim}
Component = atom()
Host = NS = string()
\end{verbatim}
  Removes IQ handler on virtual host \verb|Host| for namespace \verb|NS| from
  \verb|Component|.
\end{description}

Handler function must have the following type:
\begin{description}
\item{\verb|Module:Function(From, To, IQ)|}
\begin{verbatim}
From = To = jid()
\end{verbatim}
\end{description}



\begin{verbatim}
-module(mod_cputime).

-behaviour(gen_mod).

-export([start/2,
         stop/1,
         process_local_iq/3]).

-include("ejabberd.hrl").
-include("jlib.hrl").

-define(NS_CPUTIME, "ejabberd:cputime").

start(Host, Opts) ->
    IQDisc = gen_mod:get_opt(iqdisc, Opts, one_queue),
    gen_iq_handler:add_iq_handler(ejabberd_local, Host, ?NS_CPUTIME,
                                  ?MODULE, process_local_iq, IQDisc).

stop(Host) ->
    gen_iq_handler:remove_iq_handler(ejabberd_local, Host, ?NS_CPUTIME).

process_local_iq(From, To, {iq, ID, Type, XMLNS, SubEl}) ->
    case Type of
        set ->
            {iq, ID, error, XMLNS,
             [SubEl, ?ERR_NOT_ALLOWED]};
        get ->
            CPUTime = element(1, erlang:statistics(runtime))/1000,
            SCPUTime = lists:flatten(io_lib:format("~.3f", CPUTime)),
            {iq, ID, result, XMLNS,
             [{xmlelement, "query",
               [{"xmlns", ?NS_CPUTIME}],
               [{xmlelement, "cputime", [], [{xmlcdata, SCPUTime}]}]}]}
    end.
\end{verbatim}


\subsection{Services}
\label{services}

%TBD


%TODO: use \verb|proc_lib|
\begin{verbatim}
-module(mod_echo).

-behaviour(gen_mod).

-export([start/2, init/1, stop/1]).

-include("ejabberd.hrl").
-include("jlib.hrl").

start(Host, Opts) ->
    MyHost = gen_mod:get_opt(host, Opts, "echo." ++ Host),
    register(gen_mod:get_module_proc(Host, ?PROCNAME),
             spawn(?MODULE, init, [MyHost])).

init(Host) ->
    ejabberd_router:register_local_route(Host),
    loop(Host).

loop(Host) ->
    receive
        {route, From, To, Packet} ->
            ejabberd_router:route(To, From, Packet),
            loop(Host);
        stop ->
            ejabberd_router:unregister_route(Host),
            ok;
        _ ->
            loop(Host)
    end.

stop(Host) ->
    Proc = gen_mod:get_module_proc(Host, ?PROCNAME),
    Proc ! stop,
    {wait, Proc}.
\end{verbatim}



\end{document}