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mirror of https://github.com/processone/ejabberd.git synced 2024-11-20 16:15:59 +01:00
xmpp.chapril.org-ejabberd/src/mod_private.erl
Holger Weiss 7ba9f2e4e8 mod_private: Cope with bookmark decoding errors
Handle invalid XEP-0048 bookmarks gracefully while attempting to publish
them to an XEP-0402 node.
2024-05-28 21:07:04 +02:00

613 lines
21 KiB
Erlang

%%%----------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% File : mod_private.erl
%%% Author : Alexey Shchepin <alexey@process-one.net>
%%% Purpose : Support for private storage.
%%% Created : 16 Jan 2003 by Alexey Shchepin <alexey@process-one.net>
%%%
%%%
%%% ejabberd, Copyright (C) 2002-2024 ProcessOne
%%%
%%% This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
%%% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
%%% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
%%% License, or (at your option) any later version.
%%%
%%% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
%%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
%%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
%%% General Public License for more details.
%%%
%%% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
%%% with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
%%% 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
%%%
%%%----------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(mod_private).
-author('alexey@process-one.net').
-protocol({xep, 49, '1.2'}).
-protocol({xep, 411, '0.2.0', '18.12', "", ""}).
-protocol({xep, 402, '1.1.3', '23.10', "", ""}).
-behaviour(gen_mod).
-export([start/2, stop/1, reload/3, process_sm_iq/1, import_info/0,
remove_user/2, get_data/2, get_data/3, export/1, mod_doc/0,
import/5, import_start/2, mod_opt_type/1, set_data/2,
mod_options/1, depends/2, get_sm_features/5, pubsub_publish_item/6,
pubsub_delete_item/5, pubsub_tree_call/4]).
-export([get_commands_spec/0, bookmarks_to_pep/2]).
-include("logger.hrl").
-include_lib("xmpp/include/xmpp.hrl").
-include("mod_private.hrl").
-include("ejabberd_commands.hrl").
-include("translate.hrl").
-include("pubsub.hrl").
-define(PRIVATE_CACHE, private_cache).
-callback init(binary(), gen_mod:opts()) -> any().
-callback import(binary(), binary(), [binary()]) -> ok.
-callback set_data(binary(), binary(), [{binary(), xmlel()}]) -> ok | {error, any()}.
-callback get_data(binary(), binary(), binary()) -> {ok, xmlel()} | error | {error, any()}.
-callback get_all_data(binary(), binary()) -> {ok, [xmlel()]} | error | {error, any()}.
-callback del_data(binary(), binary()) -> ok | {error, any()}.
-callback use_cache(binary()) -> boolean().
-callback cache_nodes(binary()) -> [node()].
-optional_callbacks([use_cache/1, cache_nodes/1]).
start(Host, Opts) ->
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(Opts, ?MODULE),
Mod:init(Host, Opts),
init_cache(Mod, Host, Opts),
ejabberd_commands:register_commands(?MODULE, get_commands_spec()),
{ok, [{hook, remove_user, remove_user, 50},
{hook, disco_sm_features, get_sm_features, 50},
{hook, pubsub_publish_item, pubsub_publish_item, 50},
{hook, pubsub_delete_item, pubsub_delete_item, 50},
{hook, pubsub_tree_call, pubsub_tree_call, 50},
{iq_handler, ejabberd_sm, ?NS_PRIVATE, process_sm_iq}]}.
stop(Host) ->
case gen_mod:is_loaded_elsewhere(Host, ?MODULE) of
false ->
ejabberd_commands:unregister_commands(get_commands_spec());
true ->
ok
end.
reload(Host, NewOpts, OldOpts) ->
NewMod = gen_mod:db_mod(NewOpts, ?MODULE),
OldMod = gen_mod:db_mod(OldOpts, ?MODULE),
if NewMod /= OldMod ->
NewMod:init(Host, NewOpts);
true ->
ok
end,
init_cache(NewMod, Host, NewOpts).
depends(_Host, _Opts) ->
[{mod_pubsub, soft}].
mod_opt_type(db_type) ->
econf:db_type(?MODULE);
mod_opt_type(use_cache) ->
econf:bool();
mod_opt_type(cache_size) ->
econf:pos_int(infinity);
mod_opt_type(cache_missed) ->
econf:bool();
mod_opt_type(cache_life_time) ->
econf:timeout(second, infinity).
mod_options(Host) ->
[{db_type, ejabberd_config:default_db(Host, ?MODULE)},
{use_cache, ejabberd_option:use_cache(Host)},
{cache_size, ejabberd_option:cache_size(Host)},
{cache_missed, ejabberd_option:cache_missed(Host)},
{cache_life_time, ejabberd_option:cache_life_time(Host)}].
mod_doc() ->
#{desc =>
[?T("This module adds support for "
"https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0049.html"
"[XEP-0049: Private XML Storage]."), "",
?T("Using this method, XMPP entities can store "
"private data on the server, retrieve it "
"whenever necessary and share it between multiple "
"connected clients of the same user. The data stored "
"might be anything, as long as it is a valid XML. "
"One typical usage is storing a bookmark of all user's conferences "
"(https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0048.html"
"[XEP-0048: Bookmarks])."), "",
?T("It also implements the bookmark conversion described in "
"https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0402.html[XEP-0402: PEP Native Bookmarks]"
", see the command _`bookmarks_to_pep`_ API.")],
opts =>
[{db_type,
#{value => "mnesia | sql",
desc =>
?T("Same as top-level _`default_db`_ option, but applied to this module only.")}},
{use_cache,
#{value => "true | false",
desc =>
?T("Same as top-level _`use_cache`_ option, but applied to this module only.")}},
{cache_size,
#{value => "pos_integer() | infinity",
desc =>
?T("Same as top-level _`cache_size`_ option, but applied to this module only.")}},
{cache_missed,
#{value => "true | false",
desc =>
?T("Same as top-level _`cache_missed`_ option, but applied to this module only.")}},
{cache_life_time,
#{value => "timeout()",
desc =>
?T("Same as top-level _`cache_life_time`_ option, but applied to this module only.")}}]}.
-spec get_sm_features({error, stanza_error()} | empty | {result, [binary()]},
jid(), jid(), binary(), binary()) ->
{error, stanza_error()} | empty | {result, [binary()]}.
get_sm_features({error, _Error} = Acc, _From, _To, _Node, _Lang) ->
Acc;
get_sm_features(Acc, _From, To, <<"">>, _Lang) ->
case gen_mod:is_loaded(To#jid.lserver, mod_pubsub) of
true ->
{result, [?NS_BOOKMARKS_CONVERSION_0, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS_COMPAT, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS_COMPAT_PEP |
case Acc of
{result, Features} -> Features;
empty -> []
end]};
false ->
Acc
end;
get_sm_features(Acc, _From, _To, _Node, _Lang) ->
Acc.
-spec process_sm_iq(iq()) -> iq().
process_sm_iq(#iq{type = Type, lang = Lang,
from = #jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer} = From,
to = #jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer},
sub_els = [#private{sub_els = Els0}]} = IQ) ->
case filter_xmlels(Els0) of
[] ->
Txt = ?T("No private data found in this query"),
xmpp:make_error(IQ, xmpp:err_bad_request(Txt, Lang));
Data when Type == set ->
case set_data(From, Data) of
ok ->
xmpp:make_iq_result(IQ);
{error, #stanza_error{} = Err} ->
xmpp:make_error(IQ, Err);
{error, _} ->
Txt = ?T("Database failure"),
Err = xmpp:err_internal_server_error(Txt, Lang),
xmpp:make_error(IQ, Err)
end;
Data when Type == get ->
case get_data(LUser, LServer, Data) of
{error, _} ->
Txt = ?T("Database failure"),
Err = xmpp:err_internal_server_error(Txt, Lang),
xmpp:make_error(IQ, Err);
Els ->
xmpp:make_iq_result(IQ, #private{sub_els = Els})
end
end;
process_sm_iq(#iq{lang = Lang} = IQ) ->
Txt = ?T("Query to another users is forbidden"),
xmpp:make_error(IQ, xmpp:err_forbidden(Txt, Lang)).
-spec filter_xmlels([xmlel()]) -> [{binary(), xmlel()}].
filter_xmlels(Els) ->
lists:flatmap(
fun(#xmlel{} = El) ->
case fxml:get_tag_attr_s(<<"xmlns">>, El) of
<<"">> -> [];
NS -> [{NS, El}]
end
end, Els).
-spec set_data(jid(), [{binary(), xmlel()}]) -> ok | {error, _}.
set_data(JID, Data) ->
set_data(JID, Data, true, true).
-spec set_data(jid(), [{binary(), xmlel()}], boolean(), boolean()) -> ok | {error, _}.
set_data(JID, Data, PublishPepStorageBookmarks, PublishPepXmppBookmarks) ->
{LUser, LServer, _} = jid:tolower(JID),
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(LServer, ?MODULE),
case Mod:set_data(LUser, LServer, Data) of
ok ->
delete_cache(Mod, LUser, LServer, Data),
case PublishPepStorageBookmarks of
true -> publish_pep_storage_bookmarks(JID, Data);
false -> ok
end,
case PublishPepXmppBookmarks of
true -> publish_pep_native_bookmarks(JID, Data);
false -> ok
end;
{error, _} = Err ->
Err
end.
-spec get_data(binary(), binary(), [{binary(), xmlel()}]) -> [xmlel()] | {error, _}.
get_data(LUser, LServer, Data) ->
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(LServer, ?MODULE),
lists:foldr(
fun(_, {error, _} = Err) ->
Err;
({NS, El}, Els) ->
Res = case use_cache(Mod, LServer) of
true ->
ets_cache:lookup(
?PRIVATE_CACHE, {LUser, LServer, NS},
fun() -> Mod:get_data(LUser, LServer, NS) end);
false ->
Mod:get_data(LUser, LServer, NS)
end,
case Res of
{ok, StorageEl} ->
[StorageEl|Els];
error ->
[El|Els];
{error, _} = Err ->
Err
end
end, [], Data).
-spec get_data(binary(), binary()) -> [xmlel()] | {error, _}.
get_data(LUser, LServer) ->
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(LServer, ?MODULE),
case Mod:get_all_data(LUser, LServer) of
{ok, Els} -> Els;
error -> [];
{error, _} = Err -> Err
end.
-spec remove_user(binary(), binary()) -> ok.
remove_user(User, Server) ->
LUser = jid:nodeprep(User),
LServer = jid:nameprep(Server),
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(Server, ?MODULE),
Data = case use_cache(Mod, LServer) of
true ->
case Mod:get_all_data(LUser, LServer) of
{ok, Els} -> filter_xmlels(Els);
_ -> []
end;
false ->
[]
end,
Mod:del_data(LUser, LServer),
delete_cache(Mod, LUser, LServer, Data).
%%%===================================================================
%%% Pubsub
%%%===================================================================
-spec publish_pep_storage_bookmarks(jid(), [{binary(), xmlel()}]) -> ok | {error, stanza_error()}.
publish_pep_storage_bookmarks(JID, Data) ->
{_, LServer, _} = LBJID = jid:remove_resource(jid:tolower(JID)),
case gen_mod:is_loaded(LServer, mod_pubsub) of
true ->
case lists:keyfind(?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, 1, Data) of
false -> ok;
{_, El} ->
case mod_pubsub:get_items(LBJID, ?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS) of
{error, #stanza_error{reason = 'item-not-found'}} ->
PubOpts = [{persist_items, true},
{access_model, whitelist}],
case mod_pubsub:publish_item(
LBJID, LServer, ?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, JID,
<<"current">>, [El], PubOpts, all) of
{result, _} -> ok;
{error, _} = Err -> Err
end;
_ ->
case mod_pubsub:publish_item(
LBJID, LServer, ?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, JID,
<<"current">>, [El], [], all) of
{result, _} -> ok;
{error, _} = Err -> Err
end
end
end;
false ->
ok
end.
-spec publish_pep_native_bookmarks(jid(), [{binary(), xmlel()}]) -> ok | {error, stanza_error()}.
publish_pep_native_bookmarks(JID, Data) ->
{_, LServer, _} = LBJID = jid:remove_resource(jid:tolower(JID)),
case gen_mod:is_loaded(LServer, mod_pubsub) of
true ->
case lists:keyfind(?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, 1, Data) of
{_, Bookmarks0} ->
Bookmarks = try xmpp:decode(Bookmarks0) of
#bookmark_storage{conference = C} -> C;
_ -> []
catch _:{xmpp_codec, Why} ->
?WARNING_MSG("Failed to decode bookmarks of ~ts: ~ts",
[jid:encode(JID), xmpp:format_error(Why)]),
[]
end,
PubOpts = [{persist_items, true}, {access_model, whitelist}, {max_items, max}, {notify_retract,true}, {notify_delete,true}, {send_last_published_item, never}],
case mod_pubsub:get_items(LBJID, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS) of
PepBookmarks when is_list(PepBookmarks) ->
put(mod_private_pep_update, true),
PepBookmarksMap = lists:foldl(fun pubsub_item_to_map/2, #{}, PepBookmarks),
{ToDelete, Ret} =
lists:foldl(
fun(#bookmark_conference{jid = BookmarkJID} = Bookmark, {Map2, Ret2}) ->
PB = storage_bookmark_to_xmpp_bookmark(Bookmark),
case maps:take(jid:tolower(BookmarkJID), Map2) of
{StoredBookmark, Map3} when StoredBookmark == PB ->
{Map3, Ret2};
{_, Map4} ->
{Map4,
err_ret(Ret2, mod_pubsub:publish_item(
LBJID, LServer, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS, JID,
jid:encode(BookmarkJID), [xmpp:encode(PB)], [], all))};
_ ->
{Map2,
err_ret(Ret2, mod_pubsub:publish_item(
LBJID, LServer, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS, JID,
jid:encode(BookmarkJID), [xmpp:encode(PB)], [], all))}
end
end, {PepBookmarksMap, ok}, Bookmarks),
Ret4 =
maps:fold(
fun(DeleteJid, _, Ret3) ->
err_ret(Ret3, mod_pubsub:delete_item(LBJID, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS,
JID, jid:encode(DeleteJid)))
end, Ret, ToDelete),
erase(mod_private_pep_update),
Ret4;
{error, #stanza_error{reason = 'item-not-found'}} ->
put(mod_private_pep_update, true),
Ret7 =
lists:foldl(
fun(#bookmark_conference{jid = BookmarkJID} = Bookmark, Ret5) ->
PB = storage_bookmark_to_xmpp_bookmark(Bookmark),
err_ret(Ret5, mod_pubsub:publish_item(
LBJID, LServer, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS, JID,
jid:encode(BookmarkJID), [xmpp:encode(PB)], PubOpts, all))
end, ok, Bookmarks),
erase(mod_private_pep_update),
Ret7;
_ ->
ok
end;
_ ->
ok
end;
false ->
ok
end.
err_ret({error, _} = E, _) ->
E;
err_ret(ok, {error, _} = E) ->
E;
err_ret(_, _) ->
ok.
-spec pubsub_publish_item(binary(), binary(), jid(), jid(),
binary(), [xmlel()]) -> any().
pubsub_publish_item(LServer, ?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS,
#jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer} = From,
#jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer},
_ItemId, [Payload|_]) ->
set_data(From, [{?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, Payload}], false, true);
pubsub_publish_item(LServer, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS,
#jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer} = From,
#jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer},
_ItemId, _Payload) ->
NotRecursion = get(mod_private_pep_update) == undefined,
case mod_pubsub:get_items({LUser, LServer, <<>>}, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS) of
Bookmarks when is_list(Bookmarks), NotRecursion ->
Bookmarks2 = lists:filtermap(fun pubsub_item_to_storage_bookmark/1, Bookmarks),
Payload = xmpp:encode(#bookmark_storage{conference = Bookmarks2}),
set_data(From, [{?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, Payload}], true, false);
_ ->
ok
end;
pubsub_publish_item(_, _, _, _, _, _) ->
ok.
-spec pubsub_delete_item(binary(), binary(), jid(), jid(), binary()) -> any().
pubsub_delete_item(LServer, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS,
#jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer} = From,
#jid{luser = LUser, lserver = LServer},
_ItemId) ->
NotRecursion = get(mod_private_pep_update) == undefined,
case mod_pubsub:get_items({LUser, LServer, <<>>}, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS) of
Bookmarks when is_list(Bookmarks), NotRecursion ->
Bookmarks2 = lists:filtermap(fun pubsub_item_to_storage_bookmark/1, Bookmarks),
Payload = xmpp:encode(#bookmark_storage{conference = Bookmarks2}),
set_data(From, [{?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, Payload}], true, false);
_ ->
ok
end;
pubsub_delete_item(_, _, _, _, _) ->
ok.
-spec pubsub_item_to_storage_bookmark(#pubsub_item{}) -> {true, bookmark_conference()} | false.
pubsub_item_to_storage_bookmark(#pubsub_item{itemid = {Id, _}, payload = [#xmlel{} = B | _]}) ->
case xmpp:decode(B) of
#pep_bookmarks_conference{name = Name, autojoin = AutoJoin, nick = Nick,
password = Password} ->
try jid:decode(Id) of
#jid{} = Jid ->
{true, #bookmark_conference{jid = Jid, name = Name, autojoin = AutoJoin, nick = Nick,
password = Password}}
catch _:_ ->
false
end;
_ ->
false
end;
pubsub_item_to_storage_bookmark(_) ->
false.
-spec pubsub_tree_call(Res :: any(), _Tree::any(), atom(), any()) -> any().
pubsub_tree_call({error, #stanza_error{reason = 'item-not-found'}} = Res, Tree, get_node,
[{User, Server, _}, ?NS_PEP_BOOKMARKS] = Args) ->
case get(mod_private_in_pubsub_tree_call) of
undefined ->
put(mod_private_in_pubsub_tree_call, true),
bookmarks_to_pep(User, Server),
Res2 = apply(Tree, get_node, Args),
erase(mod_private_in_pubsub_tree_call),
Res2;
_ ->
Res
end;
pubsub_tree_call(Res, _Tree, _Function, _Args) ->
Res.
-spec storage_bookmark_to_xmpp_bookmark(bookmark_conference()) -> pep_bookmarks_conference().
storage_bookmark_to_xmpp_bookmark(#bookmark_conference{name = Name, autojoin = AutoJoin, nick = Nick,
password = Password}) ->
#pep_bookmarks_conference{name = Name, autojoin = AutoJoin, nick = Nick,
password = Password}.
-spec pubsub_item_to_map(#pubsub_item{}, map()) -> map().
pubsub_item_to_map(#pubsub_item{itemid = {Id, _}, payload = [#xmlel{} = B | _]}, Map) ->
case xmpp:decode(B) of
#pep_bookmarks_conference{} = B2 ->
try jid:decode(Id) of
#jid{} = Jid ->
maps:put(jid:tolower(Jid), B2#pep_bookmarks_conference{extensions = undefined}, Map)
catch _:_ ->
Map
end;
_ ->
Map
end;
pubsub_item_to_map(_, Map) ->
Map.
%%%===================================================================
%%% Commands
%%%===================================================================
-spec get_commands_spec() -> [ejabberd_commands()].
get_commands_spec() ->
[#ejabberd_commands{name = bookmarks_to_pep, tags = [private],
desc = "Export private XML storage bookmarks to PEP",
module = ?MODULE, function = bookmarks_to_pep,
args = [{user, binary}, {host, binary}],
args_rename = [{server, host}],
args_desc = ["Username", "Server"],
args_example = [<<"bob">>, <<"example.com">>],
result = {res, restuple},
result_desc = "Result tuple",
result_example = {ok, <<"Bookmarks exported">>}}].
-spec bookmarks_to_pep(binary(), binary())
-> {ok, binary()} | {error, binary()}.
bookmarks_to_pep(User, Server) ->
LUser = jid:nodeprep(User),
LServer = jid:nameprep(Server),
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(LServer, ?MODULE),
Res = case use_cache(Mod, LServer) of
true ->
ets_cache:lookup(
?PRIVATE_CACHE, {LUser, LServer, ?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS},
fun() ->
Mod:get_data(LUser, LServer, ?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS)
end);
false ->
Mod:get_data(LUser, LServer, ?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS)
end,
case Res of
{ok, El} ->
Data = [{?NS_STORAGE_BOOKMARKS, El}],
case publish_pep_storage_bookmarks(jid:make(User, Server), Data) of
ok ->
case publish_pep_native_bookmarks(jid:make(User, Server), Data) of
ok ->
{ok, <<"Bookmarks exported to PEP node">>};
{error, Err} ->
{error, xmpp:format_stanza_error(Err)}
end;
{error, Err} ->
{error, xmpp:format_stanza_error(Err)}
end;
_ ->
{error, <<"Cannot retrieve bookmarks from private XML storage">>}
end.
%%%===================================================================
%%% Cache
%%%===================================================================
-spec delete_cache(module(), binary(), binary(), [{binary(), xmlel()}]) -> ok.
delete_cache(Mod, LUser, LServer, Data) ->
case use_cache(Mod, LServer) of
true ->
Nodes = cache_nodes(Mod, LServer),
lists:foreach(
fun({NS, _}) ->
ets_cache:delete(?PRIVATE_CACHE,
{LUser, LServer, NS},
Nodes)
end, Data);
false ->
ok
end.
-spec init_cache(module(), binary(), gen_mod:opts()) -> ok.
init_cache(Mod, Host, Opts) ->
case use_cache(Mod, Host) of
true ->
CacheOpts = cache_opts(Opts),
ets_cache:new(?PRIVATE_CACHE, CacheOpts);
false ->
ets_cache:delete(?PRIVATE_CACHE)
end.
-spec cache_opts(gen_mod:opts()) -> [proplists:property()].
cache_opts(Opts) ->
MaxSize = mod_private_opt:cache_size(Opts),
CacheMissed = mod_private_opt:cache_missed(Opts),
LifeTime = mod_private_opt:cache_life_time(Opts),
[{max_size, MaxSize}, {cache_missed, CacheMissed}, {life_time, LifeTime}].
-spec use_cache(module(), binary()) -> boolean().
use_cache(Mod, Host) ->
case erlang:function_exported(Mod, use_cache, 1) of
true -> Mod:use_cache(Host);
false -> mod_private_opt:use_cache(Host)
end.
-spec cache_nodes(module(), binary()) -> [node()].
cache_nodes(Mod, Host) ->
case erlang:function_exported(Mod, cache_nodes, 1) of
true -> Mod:cache_nodes(Host);
false -> ejabberd_cluster:get_nodes()
end.
%%%===================================================================
%%% Import/Export
%%%===================================================================
import_info() ->
[{<<"private_storage">>, 4}].
import_start(LServer, DBType) ->
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(DBType, ?MODULE),
Mod:init(LServer, []).
export(LServer) ->
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(LServer, ?MODULE),
Mod:export(LServer).
import(LServer, {sql, _}, DBType, Tab, L) ->
Mod = gen_mod:db_mod(DBType, ?MODULE),
Mod:import(LServer, Tab, L).