version partielle IT après debugage

This commit is contained in:
Antoine Bardelli 2020-04-14 18:08:52 +02:00
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# pas de fichier temp mac
*.DS_Store

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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Se scegli i programmi liberi, non solo hai la possibilità di usufruire delle qu
Se decidi di installare programmi liberi (spesso gratuiti) sui tuoi dispositivi, contribuisci alla condivisione e al miglioramento di programmi accessibili a tutti senza eccezioni.
// panneau 2
//// panneau 2
// TITRE
Le questionidel software libero
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ E così, da qualche anno, interi settori del sistema informatico statale e delle
In un mondo in cui il controllo è generalizzato, il software libero è un elemento essenziale per proteggere e mantenere i nostri dati (file, foto, video, ...).
// panneau 3
///// panneau 3
// TITRE
Il software libero tutti i giorni
@ -91,14 +91,14 @@ Esistono anche software liberi che possono essere installati su server a cui acc
Alcune associazioni e alcune imprese propongono servizi di questo tipo, offrendo maggiore trasparenza e non monitorando i propri utenti.
// sous-titre
Questo approccio corrisponde all'etica del software libero.
Questo approccio corrisponde all'etica del software libero
// texte
Cè ancora molta strada da fare per raggiungere un livello di servizio uguale, ma la caratteristica del software libero è di dare la possibilità agli utenti e agli sviluppatori di lavorare insieme per costruire linformatica che vogliamo, rifiutando tutti i compromessi che possono mettere in pericolo la nostra privacy e le nostre libertà.
// panneau 4
///// panneau 4
// TITRE
Formati aperti Per vederci chiaro
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Scegliere formati aperti e interoperabili oggi rende i nostri scambi più facili
// panneau 5
///// panneau 5
// TITRE
I vantaggi del software libero per listruzione
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Poiché il software libero può essere distribuito senza restrizioni, gli insegn
È il lavoro che è stato fatto, in modo esemplare, con il quaderno degli esercizi Sésamath, frutto di un lavoro collaborativo di insegnanti di matematica e pubblicato sotto licenza libera.
// panneau 6
//// panneau 6
// TITRE
Licenze libere, quadro giuridico del software libero
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Questo tipo di licenza permette una reale condivisione della creazione o della c
Lobiettivo delle licenze copyleft è arricchire un patrimonio comune di opere disponibili per tutti, a cui tutti possono aggiungere senza mai poter sottrarre.
// panneau 7
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// TITRE
Oltre il software libero Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap, ...
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ Offre a tutti lopportunità di agire e di fare: cittadini, comunità, associa
Semplifica notevolmente la distribuzione rispetto a un modello tradizionale basato sulla proprietà e le limitazioni. In questo modo è una leva potente per adattare il nostro mondo alle sfide future.
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// TITRE
Informazioni su e Expolibre

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<!-- row 12 col - boite presentation -->
<section class="scroll-container a-propos" role="main">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
<!-- row 8 col - contenu -->
<div class="large-8 columns">
<h2>About</h2>
<h3>April</h3>
<p>April is a pioneer of Free Software in France. Since 1996, it is a major player in the democratization and the spread of free software and open standards to the general public, professionals and institutions in the French-speaking world. </p>
<a class="lien-texte" href="https://www.april.org/en">www.april.org/en</a>
<p>LibreExpo is organized by April's awareness-raising task force, whose objective is the production, inventory, and improvement of free software communication resources, in order to increase public awareness of what is at stake.</p>
<p>On the advocacy group's page, you will find various other documents that you can use to promote free software and open formats.</p>
<a class="lien-texte" href="https://www.april.org/sensibilisation">April's advocacy group</a>
<h3>LibreExpo</h3>
<p>The first version of the Libreexpo, launched in 2006 by the network of the Southern Alps' Education League, by the Linux-Alpes association, and by APITUX, has had great success. In 2008, April's awareness-raising task force published a new version, in an open format this time, thanks especially to the work of François Poulain. In 2015, on the initiative of Antoine Bardelli, we offered an LibreExpo we'd completely updated, both in style and in substance.</p>
<a class="lien-texte" href="https://v2.expolibre.org/">Expolibre 2</a><br>
<a class="lien-texte" href="http://www.laligue-alpesdusud.org/html/dossiers/dossier_informatique/expolibre_2006.html">Expolibre 1</a>
<!-- row 8 col - fin contenu -->
</div>
<!-- fin boite presentation -->
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
</div>
<!-- fin row 1 -->
</section>

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<?php
/*
* /!\ ne pas oublier d'ajouter ../ si vous êtes sous la racine /!\
*/
include ("../lib/i18n.php");
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="en" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="Author" content="Antoine Bardelli, April.org"/>
<meta name="geo.region" content="FR" />
<meta name="Description" content="LibreExpo is a travelling exhibit that explains free software to the general public. Panels present the philosophy of the free software movement, which has been explanding since the 1980s. The goal is to raise awareness about the social stakes connected with this computing revolution."/>
<meta name="Keywords" content="expolibre, libreexpo, free software exhibit, free software, free exhibit, awareness, open standards, computer science exhibit, April.org, April"/>
<title>About April and LibreExpo (Expolibre in French)</title>
<!-- css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/foundation.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/expolibre-tangram.css">
<!-- script -->
<script src="../js/vendor/modernizr.js"></script>
<!-- font -->
</head>
<body>
<!-- body content here -->
<!-- top bar -->
<?php include ("banniere.php"); ?>
<!-- fin nav -->
<?php include ("a-propos-april-et-expolibre-contenu.php"); ?>
<!-- footer -->
<?php include ("footer.php"); ?>
<!-- fin footer -->
<!-- fin body-->
<?php include ("script-footer.php"); ?>
</body>
</html>

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<nav class="top-bar" data-topbar role="navigation">
<ul class="title-area">
<li class="name">
<h1><a href="index.php">LibreExpo</a></h1>
<h1><a href="index.php">Expolibre</a></h1>
</li>
<!-- Remove the class "menu-icon" to get rid of menu icon. Take out "Menu" to just have icon alone -->
<li class="toggle-topbar menu-icon"><a href="#"><span>Menu</span></a></li>
@ -12,16 +12,16 @@
<!-- Right Nav Section -->
<ul class="right">
<li class="active"><a href="index.php">Home</a></li>
<li class="has-dropdown"><a href="exhibition.php">The Exhibit</a>
<li class="has-dropdown"><a href="exhibition.php">Esposizione</a>
<ul class="dropdown">
<li><a href="free-libre-software.php">What is Free/Libre Software?</a></li>
<li><a href="what-is-at-stake-with-free-software.php">What is at stake with Free Software</a></li>
<li><a href="free-libre-software-in-daily-life.php">Free/Libre Software in daily life</a></li>
<li><a href="open-formats.php">Open Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="free-libre-software-in-education.php">The advantages of Free Software in education</a></li>
<li><a href="free-licenses.php">Free licenses, the legal framework of Free Software</a></li>
<li><a href="beyond-free-software.php">Beyond Free Software</a></li>
<li><a href="about-april-and-libreexpo.php">About April and LibreExpo</a></li>
<li><a href="cos-e-il-software-libero.php">Cosè il software libero?</a></li>
<li><a href="le-questionidel-software-liberoe.php">Le questionidel software libero</a></li>
<li><a href="il-software-libero-tutti-i-giorni.php">Il software libero tutti i giorni</a></li>
<li><a href="formati-aperti-per-vederci-chiaro.php">Formati aperti Per vederci chiaro</a></li>
<li><a href="software-libero-per-l-istruzione.php">I vantaggi del software libero per listruzione</a></li>
<li><a href="licenze-libere.php">Licenze libere, quadro giuridico del software libero</a></li>
<li><a href="oltre-il-software-libero.php">Oltre il software libero Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap, ...</a></li>
<li><a href="informazioni-su-e-expolibre.php">Informazioni su e Expolibre</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="download.php">Download</a></li>
<li><a href="exhibit.php">Exhibit</a></li>

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<!-- row 12 col - boite presentation -->
<section class="scroll-container panneau-1" role="main">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
<!-- row 8 col - panneau -->
<div class="large-8 columns">
<!-- contenu texte -->
<div class="contenu-texte">
<h2 class="theme">Cosè il <span>software libero?</span></h2>
<p>Ogni giorno usiamo linformatica per informarci, scambiare, comunicare, comprare, ecc.
Queste azioni, private o pubbliche, vengono eseguite tramite computer di tutti i tipi: portatile, server su internet, smartphone, tablet, console, box, ecc.</p>
<h3>Le quattro libertà del software libero</h3>
<p>Ancora oggi la maggior parte dei programmi proposti attraverso i soliti canali di distribuzione sono proprietari, cioè le licenze con cui vengono rilasciati contengono delle limitazioni duso.
Al contrario, un programma è libero quando, attraverso la licenza, viene permesso in modo esplicito di utilizzarlo senza limitazioni, ma anche di studiare il suo funzionamento, di copiarlo, di modificarlo e di ridistribuirlo.
Laccesso al codice sorgente del programma la sua ricetta permette il compimento delle quattro libertà fondamentali.
</p>
<h3>Per saperne di più</h3>
<p>Se scegli i programmi liberi, non solo hai la possibilità di usufruire delle quattro libertà, ma anche di unirti alla grande comunità di utenti e di sviluppatori che condividono gli stessi obiettivi e rispettano la tua libertà.
Se decidi di installare programmi liberi (spesso gratuiti) sui tuoi dispositivi, contribuisci alla condivisione e al miglioramento di programmi accessibili a tutti senza eccezioni.</p>
<!-- row 8 col - fin panneau -->
<!-- debut navigation -->
<div class="navigation">
<a class="button aller" href="le-questionidel-software-liberoe.php">prossimo</a>
</div>
<!-- fin contenu -->
</div>
<!-- fin navigation -->
</div>
<!-- fin boite presentation -->
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
</div>
<!-- fin row 1 -->
</section>

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<?php include ("../lib/i18n.php"); ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="en" >
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="it" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="it" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
<meta name="geo.region" content="FR" />
<meta name="Description" content="LibreExpo is a travelling exhibit that explains free software to the general public. Panels present the philosophy of the free software movement, which has been explanding since the 1980s. The goal is to raise awareness about the social stakes connected with this computing revolution."/>
<meta name="Keywords" content="expolibre, libreexpo, free software exhibit, free software, free exhibit, awareness, open standards, computer science exhibit, April.org, April"/>
<title>Beyond Free Software</title>
<title>Cosè il software libero?</title>
<!-- css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/foundation.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/expolibre-tangram.css">
<!-- script -->
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<!-- fin nav -->
<?php include ("modeles-libres-contenu.php"); ?>
<?php include ("cos-e-il-software-libero-contenu.php"); ?>
<!-- footer -->

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<div class="large-8 columns">
<h2>Crédits</h2>
<p>This exhibit and this Web site were produced by the <a href="http://www.april.org/sensibilisation">April's awareness-raising task force</a>. You are invited to download, share, copy, exhibit, or adapt it.</p>
<h3>License</h3>
<p>Document created by April (www.april.org) using free software - Graphics: Antoine Bardelli (www.bardelli.fr). Art Libre 1.3 license or later / Creative Commons Attributions-Share-Alike 2.0 or later / GFDL 1.3 or later.</p>
<h3>Licenza</h3>
<p>Realizzata dallApril: www.april.org. Grafica: Antoine Bardelli - www.bardelli.fr. Licenza Art Libre 1.3 o successiva / Creative Commons Attribuzione, Condividi allo stesso modo 2.0 o successiva / GFDL 1.3 o successiva.
</p>
<h3>Web site</h3>
<p>Realisation: April, graphics and integration <a href="http://bardelli.fr/">Antoine Bardelli.</a></p>
<a class="lien-texte" title="Tools used to create this web site" href="http://foundation.zurb.com/">Web site created with Fundation.</a><br>

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<?php
/*
* /!\ ne pas oublier d'ajouter ../ si vous êtes sous la racine /!\
*/
include ("../lib/i18n.php");
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="en" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="Author" content="Antoine Bardelli, April.org"/>
<meta name="geo.region" content="FR" />
<meta name="Description" content="LibreExpo is a travelling exhibit that explains free software to the general public. Panels present the philosophy of the free software movement, which has been explanding since the 1980s. The goal is to raise awareness about the social stakes connected with this computing revolution."/>
<meta name="Keywords" content="expolibre, libreexpo, free software exhibit, free software, free exhibit, awareness, open standards, computer science exhibit, April.org, April"/>
<title>Download</title>
<!-- css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/foundation.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/expolibre-tangram.css">
<!-- script -->
<script src="../js/vendor/modernizr.js"></script>
<!-- font -->
</head>
<body>
<!-- body content here -->
<!-- top bar -->
<?php include ("banniere.php"); ?>
<!-- fin nav -->
<?php include ("telecharger-contenu.php"); ?>
<!-- footer -->
<?php include ("footer.php"); ?>
<!-- fin footer -->
<!-- fin body-->
<?php include ("script-footer.php"); ?>
</body>
</html>

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<!-- row 12 col - boite presentation -->
<section class="scroll-container panneau-2" role="main">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
<!-- row 8 col - panneau -->
<div class="large-8 columns">
<!-- contenu texte -->
<div class="contenu-texte">
<h2 class="theme"><span>What is at stake</span> with Free Software</h2>
<p>The idea of Free Software was formalised in the early eighties. Today, the movement that was initiated by a few academics has become a social phenomenon in its own right. Every day, millions of users (individuals, nonprofits and NGOs, businesses, local governments, public administrations, etc.) enjoy the four freedoms that come with Free Software: the freedom to use, study, modify, and redistribute it.</p>
<h3>The social stakes</h3>
<p>Since it is developed in an open manner, it is not tainted by commercial traps, spyware or user lock-in. Free Software has been initiating a major cooperative project. It is a tool for digital inclusion. As it is distributed with its recipe, you can study how it works, reuse it, and share it. Collaborative development methods via the Internet allow for easy transfer of skills, and ensure the widest possible dissemination. With Free Software you control your computing; it doesn't control you. </p>
<h3>The economic stakes</h3>
<p>
Free Software provides more independence and better control of maintenance and internal development costs. It is thus quite appropriate for a dynamic and competitive economy. The number of companies that use Free Software is constantly increasing worldwide. Since Free Software is available to everyone, it encourages innovation by allowing new actors to start a business at low cost. Since it is protected from the monopolies of large proprietary companies, it makes creative and autonomous development policies easier to implement.
</p>
<h3>The strategic stakes</h3>
<p>Since it is unencumbered by either usage restrictions or license costs, Free Software allows public administrations and policy makers to retain control of their own data. Thus, for a number of years now, both in State and local governments, entire branches of information systems have been switching to Free Software. In a world where surveillance is generalized, Free Software is an essential tool for protecting and perpetuating your data (files, photos, videos, etc.)</p>
<!-- debut navigation -->
<div class="navigation">
<a class="button" href="free-libre-software.php">previous</a>
<a class="button aller" href="free-libre-software-in-daily-life.php">next</a>
</div>
<!-- fin contenu -->
</div>
<!-- fin navigation -->
</div>
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<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
</div>
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</section>

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<?php include ("../lib/i18n.php"); ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="en" >
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="it" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="it" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<!-- fin nav -->
<?php include ("exposition-contenu.php"); ?>
<?php include ("exposition-contenu-it.php"); ?>
<!-- footer -->

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include ("../lib/i18n.php");
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="en" >
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="lt-ie10" lang="it" > <![endif]-->
<html class="no-js" lang="it" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

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<!-- row 12 col - boite presentation -->
<section class="scroll-container exposer" role="main">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
<!-- row 8 col - contenu -->
<div class="large-8 columns">
<h2>Set up the exhibit in your town.</h2>
<p>
We don't have an English-language print version of the LibreExpo.
If any organizations offer to rent copies of it,
we will mention it on this page.
</p>
<!--<p>You will soon be able to book the pannels for hanging, depending on their availability.</p>
<p>The conditions will be specified right here. </p>
<p>Depending on what quality standards you desire, since this exhibit is a travelling one, we are not able to guarantee that panels will be in new condition. If you wish to set up an exhibit that's never been used, we recommend that you have a printer generate the panels at your expense, using the appropriate files.</p>
<a class="lien-texte" href="/en/download.php">PDF files for your printer</a>
<h3>Technical information:</h3>
<ul>
<li>8 Exhibit panels</li>
<li>Type M1, 310g quadri, front, digital impression,</li>
<li>Format: 84.1 cm * 118.9 cm</li>
<li>Per exhibit panel, 2 eyelets on top, sheath on the bottom, along with a ballasting bar.</li>
<li>14 hangers.</li>
<li>A laminated A4 note.</li>
</ul>
<a class="button" href="contact.php">Book the exhibit</a>
-->
<!-- row 8 col - fin contenu -->
</div>
<!-- fin boite presentation -->
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
</div>
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<section class="scroll-container exposition" role="main">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
<!-- contenu -->
<div class="large-8 columns">
<h2>l'Exposition</h2>
<!-- vignettes -->
<ul class="small-block-grid-2 collection">
<li><a href="cos-e-il-software-libero.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-001.png" alt="Panel: What is Free/Libre Software?" title="Display this panel"><p>1. Cosè il software libero?</p></a></li>
<li><a href="le-questionidel-software-liberoe.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-002.png" alt="Panel: What is at stake with Free Software" title="Display this panel"><p>2. Le questionidel software libero</p></a></li>
<li><a href="il-software-libero-tutti-i-giorni.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-003.png" alt="Panel: Free/Libre Software in daily life" title="Display this panel"><p>3. Il software libero tutti i giorni</p></a></li>
<li><a href="formati-aperti-per-vederci-chiaro.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-004.png" alt="Panel: Open Formats. To see things clearly" title="Display this panel"><p>4. Formati aperti Per vederci chiaro</p></a></li>
<li><a href="software-libero-per-l-istruzione.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-005.png" alt="Panel: The advantages of Free Software in education" title="Display this panel"><p>5. I vantaggi del software libero per listruzione</p></a></li>
<li><a href="licenze-libere.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-006.png" alt="Panel: Free licenses, the legal framework of Free Software" title="Display this panel"><p>6. Licenze libere, quadro giuridico del software libero</p></a></li>
<li><a href="oltre-il-software-libero.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-007.png" alt="Panel: Beyond Free Software" title="Display this panel"><p>7. Oltre il software libero Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap, ...</p></a></li>
<li><a href="informazioni-su-e-expolibre.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-008.png" alt="Panel: About April and LibreExpo" title="Display this panel"><p>8. Informazioni su e Expolibre</p></a></li>
</ul>
<!-- fin vignettes -->
</div>
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<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
</div>
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<section class="scroll-container exposition" role="main">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-2 columns"></div>
<!-- contenu -->
<div class="large-8 columns">
<h2>l'Exposition</h2>
<!-- vignettes -->
<ul class="small-block-grid-2 collection">
<li><a href="free-libre-software.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-001.png" alt="Panel: What is Free/Libre Software?" title="Display this panel"><p>1. What is Free/Libre Software?</p></a></li>
<li><a href="what-is-at-stake-with-free-software.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-002.png" alt="Panel: What is at stake with Free Software" title="Display this panel"><p>2. What is at stake with Free Software</p></a></li>
<li><a href="free-libre-software-in-daily-life.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-003.png" alt="Panel: Free/Libre Software in daily life" title="Display this panel"><p>3. Free/Libre Software in daily life</p></a></li>
<li><a href="open-formats.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-004.png" alt="Panel: Open Formats. To see things clearly" title="Display this panel"><p>4. Open Formats. To see things clearly</p></a></li>
<li><a href="free-libre-software-in-education.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-005.png" alt="Panel: The advantages of Free Software in education" title="Display this panel"><p>5. The advantages of Free Software in education</p></a></li>
<li><a href="free-licenses.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-006.png" alt="Panel: Free licenses, the legal framework of Free Software" title="Display this panel"><p>6. Free licenses, the legal framework of Free Software</p></a></li>
<li><a href="beyond-free-software.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-007.png" alt="Panel: Beyond Free Software" title="Display this panel"><p>7. Beyond Free Software</p></a></li>
<li><a href="about-april-and-libreexpo.php"><img class="th" src="images/libreexpo-008.png" alt="Panel: About April and LibreExpo" title="Display this panel"><p>8. About April and LibreExpo (Expolibre in French)</p></a></li>
</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 class="theme">Formati aperti <span>Per vederci chiaro</span></h2>
<h3>Per comunicare senza vincoli</h3>
<p>
Linteroperabilità è una parola complicata, ma che delinea unidea semplice e di buon senso.
Ognuno di noi deve aver la possibilità di scegliere il software che preferisce per scambiare informazioni e, se necessario, apportare modifiche.
Il software proprietario rivela la sua dimensione di riservatezza quando utilizza volontariamente formati di file incompatibili con altre soluzioni.
Questa strategia, ben nota nei programmi per ufficio, rende gli utenti dipendenti. Esigere linteroperabilità significa liberarsi per comunicare liberamente.
</p>
<h3>Aprirsi per promuovere laccessibilità</h3>
<p>
Esattamente come il codice sorgente del software libero è aperto, la struttura di un formato di file o di un protocollo di comunicazione si avvantaggia nellessere diffusa.
Ciò consente a chiunque di integrare questi file o media nelle proprie soluzioni informatiche e adattarli alle proprie esigenze.
Un formato aperto è particolarmente utile nellambito dellaccessibilità.
È quindi più facile adattare delle soluzioni informatiche alle esigenze degli utenti con disabilità. Con il software libero, è il computer che si adatta alluomo e non viceversa.</p>
<h3>Continuità dei dati</h3>
<p>
Linformatica presente ovunque è ormai depositaria di gran parte del nostro patrimonio culturale e familiare.
Ma linformatica cambia rapidamente. Saremo ancora in grado di accedere alle nostre foto, video e a tutti i nostri altri dati tra qualche anno e anche più in ?
Dal momento che un formato di file è chiuso, è molto difficile accedere al suo contenuto senza chiedere lassistenza delleditore, se esiste ancora.
Scegliere formati aperti e interoperabili oggi rende i nostri scambi più facili e più fluidi, e ci assicura anche che potremo continuare ad accedere a tutti i nostri dati in futuro.
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<h2 class="theme">Open Formats. <span>To see things clearly</span></h2>
<h3>To communicate without restrictions</h3>
<p>
Interoperability is a complicated term, though it refers to a simple and common-sense idea. Everyone must be able to choose the software product that is most appropriate for them to exchange information, and modify it as the need arises. Proprietary IT reveals its “depriving” aspect when it willingly uses file formats that are incompatible with other solutions. This strategy, familiar for office software, makes it possible to subjugate users. Demanding interoperability is freeing oneself in order to communicate freely.
</p>
<h3>Openness to foster accessibility</h3>
<p>
Just as the source code of a Free Software program, which is available, gains from being disseminated, so does the structure of a file format or communication protocol. This enables anyone to integrate these files or communication tools into their own IT solutions, and modify them to suit their needs. Open formats are especially useful in the field of accessibility. They make adapting IT solutions to the needs of users with disabilities easier. With Free Software, IT adapts to human beings, and not the other way around.</p>
<h3>Sustainable data</h3>
<p>
IT is everywhere, and now serves as a repository for a large part of our cultural and family heritage. But IT is evolving fast. Will we still be able to access our photos, videos, and other data, in a few years' time and even beyond? If a file format is closed, it is very complicated to access its contents without seeking help from the publisher, if the latter is still around. Choosing open and interoperable formats today makes our exchanges more fluid, and also ensures continued access to our data in the future.
</p>
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<h2>LibreExpo</h2>
<p class="intro"><span>LibreExpo is a travelling exhibit that explains free software to the general public.</span>
<a href="exhibition.php">Panels</a> present the philosophy of the free software movement, which has been explanding since the 1980s. The goal is to raise awareness about the social stakes connected with this computing revolution.
<br />
In the spirit of free software, this exhibit is "free", and we invite you to <a href="telecharger.php">download</a>, share, copy, exhibit, or adapt it.
<br />
Happy reading!</p>
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<h2 class="theme">I vantaggi del software libero <span>per listruzione</span></h2>
<h3>Insegnare linformatica come disciplina</h3>
<p>
Per troppo tempo, nei programmi nazionali linformatica è stata considerata come una competenza pratica, ridotta al solo apprendimento dei suoi utilizzi.
Certo non tutti gli studenti aspirano a diventare informatici, ma è essenziale per tutti acquisire una comprensione dei meccanismi e degli obiettivi per essere in grado di appropriarsi del mondo digitale piuttosto che subirlo.
Linformatica dovrebbe essere insegnata come una disciplina a stante, per offrire agli studenti la capacità di comprendere e adattarsi alle diverse situazioni che incontreranno nella loro vita e nella professione.
Solo il software libero lo consente, proprio perché è aperto può essere studiato, modificato e condiviso.</p>
<h3>Accedere al codice sorgente per capire</h3>
<p>
Il software libero e i formati aperti hanno il loro posto nellistruzione perché non hanno come scopo quello di favorire alcun particolare fornitore di soluzioni proprietarie.
Con la scusa di preparare gli studenti al software che incontreranno nella loro vita professionale, le pratiche attuali rafforzano i monopoli e persistono in un approccio allinformatica incentrato esclusivamente sulla trasmissione di ricette già pronte piuttosto che sullacquisizione di autonomia.
I programmi di produttività per lufficio non sono lunico sistema informatico che si incontra nellambito professionale e tutti dovranno adattarsi ai cambiamenti tecnologici durante la loro carriera.</p>
<h3>Condividere risorse educative</h3>
<p>
Lutilizzo di formati aperti e la pubblicazione di risorse didattiche con una licenza libera consente di condividerle e migliorarle, e contribuisce allo sviluppo di unistruzione più etica.
Poiché il software libero può essere distribuito senza restrizioni, gli insegnanti possono trovare più risorse per creare i propri materiali didattici.
È il lavoro che è stato fatto, in modo esemplare, con il quaderno degli esercizi Sésamath, frutto di un lavoro collaborativo di insegnanti di matematica e pubblicato sotto licenza libera.</p>
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<h2 class="theme">Il software libero <span>tutti i giorni</span></h2>
<h3>Programmi per tutte le necessità</h3>
<p>
Esistono programmi liberi per tutte le necessità. Esiste un sistema operativo libero, completo, che può facilmente sostituire Microsoft Windows o Mac OS, anche su computer con caratteristiche modeste e considerati obsoleti dai sistemi operativi proprietari.
Alcuni programmi liberi come Firefox o VLC sono universalmente conosciuti, e ce ne sono una considerevole quantità da scoprire.
Il software libero è disponibile per tutti e per lo più gratuito: questo permette di testarlo, di imparare ad utilizzarlo da zero, di creare, di esprimersi e di aggiungere nuove funzionalità senza alcun vincolo.
</p>
<h3>Programmi leali</h3>
<p>
Poiché non è controllato da multinazionali, il software libero non è progettato per controllare gli utenti.
Puoi installarlo senza incorrere nel pericolo di programmi parassiti che ti controllano e ti limitano.
Scegliere un sistema operativo libero significa beneficiare di uninformatica senza virus, senza pubblicità abuso, senza scorciatoie e senza lobbligo di creare un account presso un fornitore.
Concentrandosi sulle funzioni principali, il software libero è leggero, efficace e orientato all'essenziale.
</p>
<h3>Programmi che tutelano la privacy</h3>
<p>
Lo scandalo PRISM e la proposta di legge per la sorveglianza ci hanno insegnato che il controllo degli Stati è massiccio.
La maggior parte dei fornitori di servizi internet utilizzano i dati per fini commerciali e hanno collaborato con lNSA (lagenzia statunitense di spionaggio).
Il software libero mette al sicuro i nostri dati e le nostre condivisioni. È questo tipo di software libero che Edward Snowden ha utilizzato per far trapelare, senza essere scoperto, i documenti raccolti dallNSA.
Si fidava di quei programmi perché laccesso al codice sorgente di quei programmi permette di verificarli.
Esistono anche software liberi che possono essere installati su server a cui accedere da internet: siti internet, webmail, social, self-hosting, ...
Alcune associazioni e alcune imprese propongono servizi di questo tipo, offrendo maggiore trasparenza e non monitorando i propri utenti.
</p>
<h3>Questo approccio corrisponde all'etica del software libero.</h3>
<p>
Cè ancora molta strada da fare per raggiungere un livello di servizio uguale, ma la caratteristica del software libero è di dare la possibilità agli utenti e agli sviluppatori di lavorare insieme per costruire linformatica che vogliamo, rifiutando tutti i compromessi che possono mettere in pericolo la nostra privacy e le nostre libertà.</p>
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<h2 class="theme">Informazioni<span>April</span> su e <span>Expolibre</span></h2>
<h3>About April</h3>
<p>April è la principale associazione per la promozione e la difesa del software libero nel mondo francofono.
Creata nel 1996, April riunisce diverse migliaia di membri individuali e qualche centinaio di strutture (aziende, associazioni, comunità, organizzazioni del settore educativo).
La mobilitazione dei suoi volontari e dei suoi dipendenti le consente di svolgere numerose azioni differenti a favore delle libertà informatiche.
</p>
<p>Per saperne di più su April e su come contribuire in base al tempo a disposizione o ai tuoi interessi:<a href="http://www.april.org/en" title="Link to April website">www.april.org/en</a>.</p>
<h3>Informazioni su e Expolibre/h3>
<p>Expolibre è un insieme di pannelli destinati al grande pubblico che illustrano la filosofia del software libero, un movimento che si è sviluppato dai primi anni 80, e spiegano cosè il software libero.
Lobiettivo è quello di aumentare la consapevolezza sulle problematiche sociali legate a questa rivoluzione informatica.
Nello spirito del software libero, questa mostra è “libera” e ti invitiamo a scaricarla per distribuirla, copiarla, esporla o adattarla.
Expolibre è stata prodotta dal gruppo di sensibilizzazione di April, il cui obiettivo è la produzione, la catalogazione e il miglioramento delle risorse di comunicazione sul software libero, per la promozione e la sensibilizzazione dellopinione pubblica su questi temi.</p>
<p>Per saperne di più su Expolibre: <a href="http://www.expolibre.org/it" title="link al sito web">www.expolibre.org/it</a>.</p>
<p>Insieme, continuiamo a promuovere e a difendere linformatica libera. </p>
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<h2 class="theme"><span>Le questionidel</span> software libero</h2>
<p>Il concetto di software libero è stato definito allinizio degli anni '80. Attualmente il movimento avviato da alcuni ricercatori è diventato un vero e proprio fenomeno di società. Milioni di utenti (cittadini, associazioni e ONG, imprese, enti locali e amministrazioni pubbliche) esercitano tutti i giorni le quattro libertà associate al software libero: utilizzare, studiare, modificare, copiare/ridistribuire.</p>
<h3>Una questione di società</h3>
<p>Poiché vengono sviluppati in modo aperto, i software liberi sono privi di trappole commerciali, di funzioni di spionaggio o di blocco dellutente. I software liberi avviano un importante progetto di cooperazione.
Sono degli strumenti per combattere il divario digitale. Puoi studiare il modo in cui funzionano, puoi riutilizzarli, puoi condividerli perché sono distribuiti con la loro ricetta di fabbricazione.
La modalità di sviluppo collaborativo attraverso internet favorisce il trasferimento delle competenze e la loro diffusione ad un gran numero di persone. Con il software libero puoi controllare linformatica invece di esserne controllato.</p>
<h3>Una questione economica</h3>
<p>
I software liberi offrono più indipendenza ed un migliore controllo dei costi di manutenzione e di sviluppo interno. Trovano dunque perfettamente il loro posto in uneconomia dinamica e competitiva.
Il numero di imprese che li utilizzano non smette di crescere ovunque nel mondo. Accessibili a tutti, favoriscono l'innovazione permettendo a nuovi attori di avviare le loro attività con pochi mezzi.
Protetti contro i monopoli dei grandi attori privati, facilitano politiche di sviluppo creativo ed autonomo.
</p>
<h3>Una questione strategica</h3>
<p>Non essendo soggetto a restrizioni a costi di licenza, il software libero consente alle pubbliche amministrazioni e ai responsabili politici di mantenere il controllo sui propri dati.
E così, da qualche anno, interi settori del sistema informatico statale e delle comunità locali stanno migrando verso il software libero.
In un mondo in cui il controllo è generalizzato, il software libero è un elemento essenziale per proteggere e mantenere i nostri dati (file, foto, video, ...).</p>
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<title>Free/Libre Software in daily life</title>
<title>Le questionidel software libero</title>
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<h2 class="theme"><span>Free licenses, </span> the legal framework of Free Software</h2>
<h3>A matter of copyright</h3>
<p>
In compliance with international law, software is covered by copyright. This is the basis on which licenses are able to guarantee Free Software's four freedoms to everybody. There are several Free Software licenses, depending on the context in which they're used, the goals, and the type of software. The identity of a free program is thus defined by its Free Software license. The latter specifies the rights and duties of each party. Legally, they are based on copyright and aim to reverse its principle: authorise rather than restrict.</p>
<h3>Copyleft</h3>
<p>
Among the Free Software licenses, some are said to be copyleft. The principle of copyleft is to give everybody the possibility to use a free work while ensuring that the freedoms that its license provides are preserved. Beyond the four freedoms of Free Software, the copyleft licenses require keeping the same license in case the work is redistributed, whether or not it has been modified. This type of license enables real sharing of creation and knowledge, and ensures that cultural works will remain free. The aim of copyleft licenses is to enrich the common trove of works that are available to all—a trove to which everyone can add, but from which no one may subtract.</p>
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<h2 class="theme"><span>Licenze libere, </span> quadro giuridico del software libero</h2>
<h3>Una questione di copyright</h3>
<p>
In base al diritto internazionale, il software è coperto da copyright. È su questa base che certe licenze garantiscono tutte e quattro le libertà del software libero.
Esistono diverse licenze gratuite, a seconda del contesto in cui vengono utilizzate, degli scopi per cui servono e del software a cui si applicano.
Le licenze libere definiscono quindi lidentità del software libero. Specificano i diritti e i doveri di ciascuno.
Legalmente, si basano sul copyright con lobiettivo di invertire il principio: autorizzare invece che limitare.</p>
<h3>Copyleft</h3>
<p>
Tra le licenze di software libero, alcune sono chiamate copyleft.
Il principio del copyleft è di dare a tutti lopportunità di utilizzare unopera libera, garantendo nel contempo che le libertà offerte dalla sua licenza siano preservate.
Oltre alle quattro libertà del software libero, le licenze di copyleft impongono quindi lobbligo di mantenere la stessa licenza in caso di ridistribuzione di unopera, modificata oppure no.
Questo tipo di licenza permette una reale condivisione della creazione o della conoscenza e permette alle opere culturali di rimanere libere.
Lobiettivo delle licenze copyleft è arricchire un patrimonio comune di opere disponibili per tutti, a cui tutti possono aggiungere senza mai poter sottrarre.</p>
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<h2 class="theme">Free/Libre Software <span>in daily life</span></h2>
<h3>Software products for every need</h3>
<p>
There are free programs for every use, as well as free complete operating systems to easily replace Microsoft Windows or MacOS, including for low-end computers considered obsolete by proprietary systems. Some programs, such as Firefox and VLC, are well known, but there are many more to be discovered. Since free programs for general use are most of the time gratis, you are able to test them, learn how to use new ones, create, express yourself, and build new skills without restrictions.
</p>
<h3>Trustworthy software</h3>
<p>
Because it is not under the control of multinational corporations, Free Software doesn't aim to control its users. You can therefore install it without fearing parasite programs that spy on us and lock us in. Choosing a free operating system means enjoying virus-free computing, without ads or abusive terms of sale, without extra costs, and without any requirement to create an account with a provider. Since free program focus on whatever their main function is, they are light, efficient, and to the point.
</p>
<h3>Privacy-protecting software</h3>
<p>
The PRISM scandal and the French surveillance bill taught us that States exercise massive surveillance. Most of the ISPs exercise a surveillance of their own for commercial purposes, and they have been known to collaborate with the NSA (the US National Security Agency). Free Software enables us to keep our data and communications secure. Free Software is what Edward Snowden used to leak the NSA documents without being spotted. He was trusting them because access to the source code of these programs allows verification.
</p>
<p>
There are also free programs that can be installed on servers for Internet access: websites, webmails, social networks, self-hosting, etc. Some nonprofits or companies provide these kinds of services, which are run with greater transparency, and follow a policy of not spying on users. This practice is in line with the ethics of Free Software. There is still some way to go in order to reach the same quality of service as with proprietary software, but the point of Free Software is to allow users and developers to collaborate towards building the kind of computing we want, while refusing any compromises that threaten our privacy and freedoms.</p>
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<h2 class="theme">What is <span>Free/Libre Software?</span></h2>
<p>We use digital technology every day to obtain information, exchange, communicate, buy, etc. These actions, whether private or public, are processed by computers, whatever their shape: laptops, Internet servers, mobile phones, tablets, game consoles, Internet boxes, etc. To carry out these actions, these machines use software that handles our data. It is thus important to know who writes the software, who manages it, and for which purpose. While not everyone has the capacity to write software or understand how it works, we all have the possibility to decide whom we trust.</p>
<p>[Please note that “Free Software” refers to freedom, not price. This is why we use the term “Free/Libre Software”.]</p>
<h3>Free/Libre Software and its four freedoms</h3>
<p>Even nowadays, most software that is distributed through classical channels is proprietary, meaning that its license includes usage restrictions. On the contrary, software is called “Free/libre Software” when it explicitly grants, through its license, the freedoms to run it without any restrictions, as well as the freedom to study how it works, copy it, modify it, and redistribute it. What makes these four freedoms possible is access to the software's source code—its “recipe”.
</p>
<h3>Learn more</h3>
<p>By choosing Free/libre Software, not only do you have the opportunity to enjoy these four freedoms, but you are also joining large communities of users and developers who share the same goals and respect your freedom. By deciding to install Free/Libre Software (which is often also gratis) on your digital devices, you are helping to share and improve programs that are available to absolutely everyone.</p>
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<h2 class="theme">The advantages of Free Software <span>in education</span></h2>
<h3>Teaching IT as a school subject in its own right</h3>
<p>
For far too long, IT has been viewed within the French National Education system as a practical skill, and has been reduced to mere user's training. Of course, not all students aspire to a career in computing, yet it is essential that each one get some understanding of the mechanisms and of what is at stake, in order to be able to claim the digital world for him- or herself rather than being subjected to it. IT should be taught as a school subject in its own right, providing students with the capacity to understand, and adapt to the different situations they will encounter in their personal and professional lives. Free Software is the only one that fully allows this, precisely because it is open and can be studied, modified, and shared.</p>
<h3>Accessing the source code to understand</h3>
<p>
Free Software and open formats have a full role to play in education, since the latter is not supposed to favour this or that provider of proprietary solutions. Under the cover of preparing students for the software products they will encounter in their professional life, current practices reinforce monopolies, and persist in transmitting ready-made recipes rather than teaching self-sufficiency. Yet office automation is, by far, not the only IT system one encounters in professional life, and everyone will need to adapt to technological changes throughout their career.</p>
<h3>Sharing educational resources</h3>
<p>
Using open formats and licensing educational resources under a free license enables everyone to share and improve those resources, thereby contributing to the development of a more ethical education. Free Software can be distributed without restriction, thus allowing teachers to find more resources, and create their own educational materials, like, for instance, the Sesamath worksheets, the result of an exemplary collaborative effort by math teachers and published under a free license.</p>
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<h2 class="theme"><span>Beyond Free Software:</span> Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap…</h2>
<h3>Free Software as a model</h3>
<p>
Building together, sharing, is as natural in the field of knowledge as it is in IT. Nowadays, there are free licenses for art, public data, free hardware, etc. Wikipedia, the collaborative encyclopedia, is no doubt the most spectacular project derived from the Free Software principles. Also worth mentioning is OpenStreetMap, which is flourishing in the field of cartography. There is a host of such projects, including digitization of public domain works, databases for audio, images, educational resources, etc.</p>
<h3>Licenses and sources</h3>
<p>
In 2000, some French artists and lawyers wrote the Free Art License for this very purpose. In 2002, it's the Creative Commons licenses that were published. Creative Commons provide variable-geometry licenses, some of which are indeed free in the usual Free Software sense, while others, which prohibit derivative works or commercial use, are said to be free-distribution licenses, although they do not follow the Free Software principles. The Free Software logic is sometimes misunderstood, or even scorned.</p>
<h3>A novel paradigm</h3>
<p>
Whether in IT or elsewhere, the principles of Free Software have created a grassroots movement that has been spreading for thirty years. These principles make it possible to combine individual and collective efforts in innovative and efficient ways. They give everyone, whether individuals, communities, nonprofits or businesses, the opportunity to act and to do. They greatly simplify the deal, as compared with the traditional property-and-restrictions model. In short, they are a powerful lever for adapting our world to the challenges ahead.
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<h2 class="theme"><span>Oltre il software libero :</span> Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap ...</h2>
<h3>Il software libero, come modello</h3>
<p>
Costruire insieme e condividere è altrettanto naturale nel campo della conoscenza e della cultura come in quello dellinformatica.
Oggi troviamo licenze libere per le arti, per gli open data, per il materiale libero, ...
Wikipedia, lenciclopedia collaborativa, è forse il più spettacolare dei progetti derivati dai principi del software libero.
Possiamo anche citare OpenStreetMap che si sviluppa nel campo della cartografia.
Ci sono anche molteplici progetti di questo tipo, sulla digitalizzazione di opere di pubblico dominio, banche audio, immagini, risorse educative, ecc.</p>
<h3>Licenze e fonti</h3>
<p>
Nel 2000, artisti e giuristi francesi hanno scritto a questo scopo la Licence Art Libre. Nel 2002 nascono le licenze Creative Commons.
Le Creative Commons offrono licenze a geometria variabile, alcune delle quali sono effettivamente libere nel senso del software libero, mentre altre, proibendo versioni derivate o uso commerciale, sono considerate di libera diffusione ma senza sottoscrivere i principi fondati dal software libero. La logica del software libero è spesso fraintesa, diluita o addirittura vanificata.</p>
<h3>Un nuovo paradigma</h3>
<p>
Sia nellinformatica che in altri campi, i principi del Libero hanno creato un movimento di fondo che è cresciuto negli ultimi 30 anni.
Il Libero consente di articolare in modo innovativo ed efficace le dinamiche individuali e collettive.
Offre a tutti lopportunità di agire e di fare: cittadini, comunità, associazioni o aziende.
Semplifica notevolmente la distribuzione rispetto a un modello tradizionale basato sulla proprietà e le limitazioni. In questo modo è una leva potente per adattare il nostro mondo alle sfide future.
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<h2>Download</h2>
<h3>Files:</h3>
<ul class="fichier">
<li><a href="/en/download/libreexpo-A2-2016-HR-EN.pdf">PDF A2, for offset printing<span> (printer-friendly format)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/en/download/libreexpo-A2-2016-LR-EN.pdf">Low-resolution PDF, for screen reading</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Sources:</h3>
<ul class="fichier">
<li><a href="/en/download/libreexpo-2016-en-source.zip">Complete source in Scribus format<span> (compressed SLA 1.4, images and fonts included)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/telecharger/expolibre-source-illustrations.zip">Visuals only, source<span> (SVG)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/en/download/libreexpo-visuals-hr-A2.zip">Visuals only, high-resolution A2<span> (PNG)</span></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>License:</h3>
<p class="licence">Document created by April (www.april.org) using free software - Graphics: Antoine Bardelli (www.bardelli.fr). Art Libre 1.3 license or later / Creative Commons Attributions-Share-Alike 2.0 or later / GFDL 1.3 or later.</p>
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