274 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
274 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Installation
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**TL;DR:** Download the
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[latest release archive](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/releases/latest)
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(with the link labelled as "Source code (…)") and extract it in your web hosts
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folder where you want to install your PrivateBin instance. We try to provide a
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mostly safe default configuration, but we urge you to check the
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[security section](#hardening-and-security) below and the
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[configuration options](#configuration) to adjust as you see fit.
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**NOTE:** See our [FAQ entry on securely downloading release files](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ#how-can-i-securely-clonedownload-your-project)
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for more information.
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**NOTE:** There is a [ansible](https://ansible.com) role by @e1mo available to
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install and configure PrivateBin on your server. It's available on
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[ansible galaxy](https://galaxy.ansible.com/e1mo/privatebin)
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([source code](https://git.sr.ht/~e1mo/ansible-role-privatebin)).
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### Minimal Requirements
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- PHP version 7.0 or above
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- Or PHP version 5.6 AND _one_ of the following sources of cryptographically
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safe randomness:
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- [Libsodium](https://download.libsodium.org/libsodium/content/installation/)
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and it's [PHP extension](https://paragonie.com/book/pecl-libsodium/read/00-intro.md#installing-libsodium)
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- `open_basedir` access to `/dev/urandom`
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- mcrypt extension AND `open_basedir` access to `/dev/urandom`
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- com_dotnet extension
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- GD extension (when using identicon or vizhash icons, jdenticon works without it)
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- zlib extension
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- some disk space or a database supported by [PDO](https://php.net/manual/book.pdo.php)
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- ability to create files and folders in the installation directory and the PATH
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defined in index.php
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- A web browser with JavaScript and (optional) WebAssembly support
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## Hardening and Security
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### Changing the Path
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In the index.php you can define a different `PATH`. This is useful to secure
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your installation. You can move the utilities, configuration, data files,
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templates and PHP libraries (directories bin, cfg, doc, data, lib, tpl, tst and
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vendor) outside of your document root. This new location must still be
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accessible to your webserver and PHP process (see also
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[open_basedir setting](https://secure.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.open-basedir)).
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> #### PATH Example
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> Your PrivateBin installation lives in a subfolder called "paste" inside of
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> your document root. The URL looks like this:
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> http://example.com/paste/
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>
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> The full path of PrivateBin on your webserver is:
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> /srv/example.com/htdocs/paste
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>
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> When setting the path like this:
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> define('PATH', '../../secret/privatebin/');
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>
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> PrivateBin will look for your includes and data here:
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> /srv/example.com/secret/privatebin
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### Changing the config path only
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In situations where you want to keep the PrivateBin static files separate from the
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rest of your data, or you want to reuse the installation files on multiple vhosts,
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you may only want to change the `conf.php`. In this case, you can set the
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`CONFIG_PATH` environment variable to the absolute path to the `conf.php` file.
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This can be done in your web server's virtual host config, the PHP config, or in
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the index.php, if you choose to customize it.
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Note that your PHP process will need read access to the configuration file,
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wherever it may be.
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> #### CONFIG_PATH example
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> Setting the value in an Apache Vhost:
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> SetEnv CONFIG_PATH /var/lib/privatebin/conf.php
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>
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> In a php-fpm pool config:
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> env[CONFIG_PATH] = /var/lib/privatebin/conf.php
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>
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> In the index.php, near the top:
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> putenv('CONFIG_PATH=/var/lib/privatebin/conf.php');
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### Transport security
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When setting up PrivateBin, also set up HTTPS, if you haven't already. Without
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HTTPS PrivateBin is not secure, as the JavaScript or WebAssembly files could be
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manipulated during transmission. For more information on this, see our
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[FAQ entry on HTTPS setup recommendations](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ#how-should-i-setup-https).
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### File-level permissions
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After completing the installation, you should make sure, that other users on the
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system cannot read the config file or the `data/` directory, as – depending on
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your configuration – potentially sensitive information may be stored in there.
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See our [FAQ entry on permissions](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ#what-are-the-recommended-file-and-folder-permissions-for-privatebin)
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for a detailed guide on how to "harden" access to files and folders.
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## Configuration
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In the file `cfg/conf.php` you can configure PrivateBin. A `cfg/conf.sample.php`
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is provided containing all options and their default values. You can copy it to
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`cfg/conf.php` and change it as needed. Alternatively you can copy it anywhere
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and set the `CONFIG_PATH` environment variable (see above notes). The config
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file is divided into multiple sections, which are enclosed in square brackets.
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In the `[main]` section you can enable or disable the discussion feature, set
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the limit of stored pastes and comments in bytes. The `[traffic]` section lets
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you set a time limit in seconds. Users may not post more often then this limit
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to your PrivateBin installation.
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More details can be found in the
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[configuration documentation](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/Configuration).
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## Advanced installation
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### Web server configuration
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A `robots.txt` file is provided in the root dir of PrivateBin. It disallows all
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robots from accessing your pastes. It is recommend to place it into the root of
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your web directory if you have installed PrivateBin in a subdirectory. Make sure
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to adjust it, so that the file paths match your installation. Of course also
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adjust the file, if you already use a `robots.txt`.
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A `.htaccess.disabled` file is provided in the root dir of PrivateBin. It blocks
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some known robots and link-scanning bots. If you use Apache, you can rename the
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file to `.htaccess` to enable this feature. If you use another webserver, you
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have to configure it manually to do the same.
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### On using Cloudflare
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If you want to use PrivateBin behind Cloudflare, make sure you have disabled the
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Rocket loader and unchecked "Javascript" for Auto Minify, found in your domain
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settings, under "Speed". More information can be found in our
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[FAQ entry on Cloudflare related issues](https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/FAQ#user-content-how-to-make-privatebin-work-when-using-cloudflare-for-ddos-protection).
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### Using a Database Instead of Flat Files
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In the configuration file the `[model]` and `[model_options]` sections let you
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configure your favourite way of storing the pastes and discussions on your
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server.
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`Filesystem` is the default model, which stores everything in files in the
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data folder. This is the recommended setup for most sites on single hosts.
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Under high load, in distributed setups or if you are not allowed to store files
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locally, you might want to switch to the `Database` model. This lets you
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store your data in a database. Basically all databases that are supported by
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[PDO](https://secure.php.net/manual/en/book.pdo.php) may be used. Automatic table
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creation is provided for `pdo_ibm`, `pdo_informix`, `pdo_mssql`, `pdo_mysql`,
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`pdo_oci`, `pdo_pgsql` and `pdo_sqlite`. You may want to provide a table prefix,
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if you have to share the PrivateBin database with another application or you want
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to use a prefix for
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[security reasons](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/119510/is-using-a-db-prefix-for-tables-more-secure).
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The table prefix option is called `tbl`.
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> #### Note
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> The `Database` model has only been tested with SQLite, MariaDB/MySQL and
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> PostgreSQL, although it would not be recommended to use SQLite in a production
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> environment. If you gain any experience running PrivateBin on other RDBMS,
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> please let us know.
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The following GRANTs (privileges) are required for the PrivateBin user in
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**MariaDB/MySQL**. In normal operation:
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- INSERT, SELECT, DELETE on the paste and comment tables
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- SELECT on the config table
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If you want PrivateBin to handle table creation (when you create the first paste)
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and updates (after you update PrivateBin to a new release), you need to give the
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user these additional privileges:
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- CREATE, INDEX and ALTER on the database
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- INSERT and UPDATE on the config table
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For reference or if you want to create the table schema for yourself to avoid
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having to give PrivateBin too many permissions (replace `prefix_` with your own
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table prefix and create the table schema with your favourite MariaDB/MySQL
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client):
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE prefix_paste (
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dataid CHAR(16) NOT NULL,
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data MEDIUMBLOB,
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postdate INT,
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expiredate INT,
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opendiscussion INT,
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burnafterreading INT,
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meta TEXT,
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attachment MEDIUMBLOB,
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attachmentname BLOB,
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PRIMARY KEY (dataid)
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);
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CREATE TABLE prefix_comment (
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dataid CHAR(16),
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pasteid CHAR(16),
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parentid CHAR(16),
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data BLOB,
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nickname BLOB,
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vizhash BLOB,
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postdate INT,
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PRIMARY KEY (dataid)
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);
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CREATE INDEX parent ON prefix_comment(pasteid);
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CREATE TABLE prefix_config (
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id CHAR(16) NOT NULL, value TEXT, PRIMARY KEY (id)
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);
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INSERT INTO prefix_config VALUES('VERSION', '1.5.2');
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```
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In **PostgreSQL**, the `data`, `attachment`, `nickname` and `vizhash` columns
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need to be `TEXT` and not `BLOB` or `MEDIUMBLOB`. The key names in brackets,
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after `PRIMARY KEY`, need to be removed.
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In **Oracle**, the `data`, `attachment`, `nickname` and `vizhash` columns need
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to be `CLOB` and not `BLOB` or `MEDIUMBLOB`, the `id` column in the `config`
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table needs to be `VARCHAR2(16)` and the `meta` column in the `paste` table
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and the `value` column in the `config` table need to be `VARCHAR2(4000)`.
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#### Using Google Cloud Storage
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If you want to deploy PrivateBin in a serverless manner in the Google Cloud, you
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can choose the `GoogleCloudStorage` as backend. To use this backend, you create
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a GCS bucket and specify the name as the model option `bucket`. Alternatively,
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you can set the name through the environment variable `PRIVATEBIN_GCS_BUCKET`.
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The default prefix for pastes stored in the bucket is `pastes`. To change the
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prefix, specify the option `prefix`.
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Google Cloud Storage buckets may be significantly slower than a `FileSystem` or
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`Database` backend. The big advantage is that the deployment on Google Cloud
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Platform using Google Cloud Run is easy and cheap.
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To use the Google Cloud Storage backend you have to install the suggested
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library using the command `composer require google/cloud-storage`.
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#### Using S3 Storage
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Similar to Google Cloud Storage, you can choose S3 as storage backend. It uses
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the AWS SDK for PHP, but can also talk to a Rados gateway as part of a CEPH
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cluster. To use this backend, you first have to install the SDK in the
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document root of PrivateBin: `composer require aws/aws-sdk-php`. You have to
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create the S3 bucket on the CEPH cluster before using the S3 backend.
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In the `[model]` section of cfg/conf.php, set `class` to `S3Storage`.
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You can set any combination of the following options in the `[model_options]`
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section:
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* region
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* version
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* endpoint
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* bucket
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* prefix
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* accesskey
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* secretkey
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* use_path_style_endpoint
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By default, prefix is empty. If set, the S3 backend will place all PrivateBin
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data beneath this prefix.
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For AWS, you have to provide at least `region`, `bucket`, `accesskey`, and
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`secretkey`.
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For CEPH, follow this example:
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```
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region = ""
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version = "2006-03-01"
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endpoint = "https://s3.my-ceph.invalid"
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use_path_style_endpoint = true
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bucket = "my-bucket"
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accesskey = "my-rados-user"
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secretkey = "my-rados-pass"
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```
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